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Hemelaar, M. (author), van der Mooren, M.J. (author), Rad, M. (author), Kluft, C. (author), Kenemans, P. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Objective: To review the effects of non-oral administration of postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) on risk markers for atherosclerotic and venous thromboembolic disease.Non-oral postmenopausal HT appears not to increase venous thromboembolic risk, whereas the effect on coronary heart disease risk is less clear. Design: Systematic review of...article 2008
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Mol, H.G.J. (author), Rooseboom, A. (author), van Dam, R. (author), Roding, M. (author), Arondeus, K. (author), Sunarto, S. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The ethyl acetate-based multi-residue method for determination of pesticide residues in produce has been modified for gas chromatographic (GC) analysis by implementation of dispersive solid-phase extraction (using primary-secondary amine and graphitized carbon black) and large-volume (20 μL) injection. The same extract, before clean-up and after...article 2007
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Meesters, R.J.W. (author), van Eijk, H.M.H. (author), ten Have, G.A.M. (author), de Graaf, A.A. (author), Venema, K. (author), van Rossum, B.E.J. (author), Deutz, N.E.P. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)A new method involving zinc sulphate deproteinization was developed to study short chain fatty acids (SCFA) production in the colon and subsequent occurrence of SCFA in blood. SCFA were baseline separated in a 30 min cycle using ion-exclusion chromatography and detected by mass spectrometry. Concentrations could be measured down to 10 μM and...article 2007
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Egert, M. (author), de Graaf, A.A. (author), Maathuis, A. (author), de Waard, P. (author), Plugge, C.M. (author), Smidt, H. (author), Deutz, N.E.P. (author), Dijkema, C. (author), de Vos, W.M. (author), Venema, K. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)16S rRNA-based stable isotope probing (SIP) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-based metabolic profiling were used to identify bacteria fermenting glucose under conditions simulating the human intestine. The TIM-2 in vitro model of the human intestine was inoculated with a GI tract microbiota resembling that of the small intestine...article 2007
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Gao, K. (author), Xu, A. (author), Krul, C.A.M. (author), Venema, K. (author), Liu, Y. (author), Niu, Y. (author), Lu, J. (author), Bensoussan, L. (author), Seeram, N.P. (author), Heber, D. (author), Henning, S.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Dietary flavonoids are poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Colonic bacteria convert flavonoids into smaller phenolic acids (PA), which can be absorbed into the circulation and may contribute to the chemopreventive activity of the parent compounds. The purpose of our study was to determine whether flavonoids from green and black tea ...article 2006
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Coulier, L. (author), Bas, R. (author), Jespersen, S. (author), Verheij, E. (author), van der Werf, M.J. (author), Hankemeier, T. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven TNO Voeding (author)We have developed an analytical method, consisting of ion-pair liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (IP-LC-ESI-MS), for the simultaneous quantitative analysis of several key classes of polar metabolites, like nucleotides, coenzyme A esters, sugar nucleotides, and sugar bisphosphates. The use of the ion-pair...article 2006
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Verwei, M. (author), van Burgsteden, J.A. (author), Krul, C.A.M. (author), van de Sandt, J.J.M. (author), Freidig, A.P. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The new EU legislations for chemicals (Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals, REACH) and cosmetics (Seventh Amendment) stimulate the acceptance of in vitro and in silico approaches to test chemicals for their potential to cause reproductive effects. In the current study seven compounds with known in vivo developmental effects...article 2006
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Dole, P. (author), Feigenbaum, A.E. (author), de la Cruz, C. (author), Pastorelli, S. (author), Paseiro, P. (author), Hankemeier, T. (author), Voulzatis, Y. (author), Aucejo, S. (author), Saillard, P. (author), Papaspyrides, C. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)When plastics are collected for recycling, possibly contaminated articles might be recycled into food packaging, and thus the contaminants might subsequently migrate into the food. Multilayer functional barriers may be used to delay and to reduce such migration. The contribution of the work reported here is to establish reference values (at 40°C...article 2006
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Dole, P. (author), Voulzatis, Y. (author), Vitrac, O. (author), Reynier, A. (author), Hankemeier, T. (author), Aucejo, S. (author), Feigenbaum, A. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Functional barriers form parts of multi-layer packaging materials, which are deemed to protect the food from migration of a broad range of contaminants, e.g. those associated with reused packaging. Often, neither the presence nor the identity of the contaminants is known, so that safety assessment of the materials has to rely on predictive tools...article 2006
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Lina, B. (author), Korte, H. (author), Nyman, L. (author), Unkila, M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Plant lignan 7-hydroxymatairesinol (7-HMR) is a novel precursor of the mammalian lignan enterolactone. A 13 week toxicity study at dietary levels of 0, 0.25, 1, and 4% (w/w) of potassium acetate complex of 7-HMR (HMRlignan) was conducted in the Wistar rat. These dietary levels resulted in an average daily intake of 160, 640, and 2600 mg...article 2005
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Mulder, P.P.J. (author), Zuidema, T. (author), Keestra, N.G.M. (author), Kooij, P.J.F. (author), Elbers, I.J.W. (author), van Rhijn, J.A. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)A method is described for the identification and quantitative determination of 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid hydrazide (DSH), the marker residue of nifursol metabolites in poultry (turkey, broiler) muscle and liver tissue. The method is based on the acid-catalysed hydrolysis of tissue-bound metabolites to free DSH and in situ derivatisation with 2...article 2005
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Adams, T.B. (author), Cohen, S.M. (author), Doull, J. (author), Feron, V.J. (author), Goodman, J.I. (author), Marnett, L.J. (author), Munro, I.C. (author), Portoghese, P.S. (author), Smith, R.L. (author), Waddell, W.J. (author), Wagner, B.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)This publication is the ninth in a series of safety evaluations performed by the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA). In 1993, the Panel initiated a comprehensive program to re-evaluate the safety of more than 1700 GRAS flavoring substances under conditions of intended use. Elements that are fundamental to the...article 2005
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Adams, T.B. (author), Cohen, S.M. (author), Doull, J. (author), Feron, V.J. (author), Goodman, J.I. (author), Marnett, L.J. (author), Munro, I.C. (author), Portoghese, P.S. (author), Smith, R.L. (author), Waddell, W.J. (author), Wagner, B.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)This publication is the ninth in a series of safety evaluations performed by the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA). In 1993, the Panel initiated a comprehensive program to re-evaluate the safety of more than 1700 GRAS flavoring substances under conditions of intended use. Elements that are fundamental to the...article 2005
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de Groot, D.M.G. (author), Bos-Kuijpers, M.H.M. (author), Kaufmann, W.S.H. (author), Lammers, J.H.C.M. (author), O'Callaghan, J.P. (author), Pakkenberg, B. (author), Pelgrim, M.T.M. (author), Waalkens-Berendsen, I.D.H. (author), Waanders, M.M. (author), Gundersen, H.J.J. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Our aim was to investigate a model of the morphologic approach proposed in guidelines for developmental neurotoxicity testing (DNT). Hereto, a limited DNT study [EPA Health Effects Test Guidelines OPPTS 870.6300, 1996a. Developmental Neurotoxicity Study "Public Draft", United States Environmental Protection Agency; Prevention, Pesticides and...article 2005
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Adams, T.B. (author), Cohen, S.M. (author), Doull, J. (author), Feron, V.J. (author), Goodman, J.I. (author), Marnett, L.J. (author), Munro, I.C. (author), Portoghese, P.S. (author), Smith, R.L. (author), Waddell, W.J. (author), Wagner, B.M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)This publication is the eighth in a series of safety evaluations performed by the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA). In 1993, the panel initiated a comprehensive program to re-evaluate the safety of more than 1700 GRAS flavoring substances under conditions of intended use. Elements that are fundamental to...article 2005
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de Groot, D.M.G. (author), Hartgring, S. (author), van de Horst, L. (author), Moerkens, M. (author), Otto, M. (author), Bos-Kuijpers, M.H.M. (author), Kaufmann, W.S.H. (author), Lammers, J.H.C.M. (author), O'Callaghan, J.P. (author), Waalkens-Berendsen, I.D.H. (author), Pakkenberg, B. (author), Gundersen, H.G. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)To evaluate the ability of a tiered quantitative morphological approach to reveal developmental neurotoxicity, morphometric parameters were measured in the offspring of rats treated with methylazoxymethanol (MAM) during days 13-15 of pregnancy. Treatment was aimed at inhibiting the proliferation phase of hippocampal neurons while leaving...article 2005
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Wolterbeek, A.P.M. (author), Roberts, A. (author), Korte, H. (author), Unkila, M. (author), Waalkens-Berendsen, D.H. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Plant lignan 7-hydromatairesinol, a novel precursor of the mammalian lignan enterolactone was evaluated in a prenatal developmental toxicity study conducted in the Wistar rat. Mated female rats were fed diets containing 0, 0.25, 1, and 4% (w/w) of 7-hydroxymatairesinol in the form of potassium acetate complex (HMRlignan; potassium acetate level...article 2004
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Verhoeckx, K.C.M. (author), Bijlsma, S. (author), de Groene, E.M. (author), Witkamp, R.F. (author), van der Greef, J. (author), Rodenburg, R.J.T. (author), TNO Voeding (author)The monocyte-like human histiocytic lymphoma cell line U937 can be induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) to undergo differentiation into a macrophage-like phenotype. We have used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), oligonucleotide microarrays and principal component analysis (PCA) to characterize the U937 cell line as a model...article 2004
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Smith, R.L. (author), Adams, T.B. (author), Cohen, S.M. (author), Doull, J. (author), Feron, V.J. (author), Goodman, J.I. (author), Hall, R.L. (author), Marnett, L.J. (author), Portoghese, P.S. (author), Waddell, W.J. (author), Wagner, B.M. (author), TNO Voeding (author)Natural flavour complexes (NFCs) are chemical mixtures obtained by applying physical separation methods to botanical sources. Many NFCs are derived from foods. In the present paper, a 12-step procedure for the safety evaluation of NFCs, 'the naturals paradigm', is discussed. This procedure, which is not intended to be viewed as a rigid check...article 2004
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Hackmann, M.M. (author), Meuwissen, M.H.H. (author), Bots, T.L. (author), Buijs, J.A.H.M. (author), Broek, K.M. (author), Kinderman, R. (author), Tanck, O.B.F. (author), Schuurmans, F.M. (author), TNO Industrie (author)This paper describes a technical feasibility study on the application of polycarbonate (PC) plates in a superstrate photovoltaic module design. The lamination process was performed in a conventional laminator apparatus using low temperature curing (100°C) ethylene-vinyl-acetate (EVA) as the potting material and multi-crystalline silicon solar...article 2004