Microplastics zijn overal: reductie met 70% haalbaar: Autobanden, verpakkingen en landbouwfolie zijn in Nederland de grootste bronnen van microplastics [microplastics are everywhere: 70% reduction achievable: In the Netherlands,the main sources of microplastics are from tyre abrasion, packaging, and the use of agricultural foil]

Microplastics are man-made (anthropogenic), persistent, ubiquitous, and potentially harmful. According to the precautionary principle, we must minimise exposure to them.

Relative Differences in Concentration Levels during Sawing and Drilling of Car Bumpers Containing MWCNT and Organic Pigment

Introduction. Knowledge on the exposure characteristics, including release of nanomaterials, is especially needed in the later stages of nano-enabled products’ life cycles to perform better occupational risk assessments. The objective of this study was to assess the concentrations during sawing and drilling in car bumpers containing multi-walled...

European emission inventories and projections for road transport non-exhaust emissions

The relative contribution of wear emissions to urban road transport PM10 emissions has steadily grown and reaches more than 50% in many countries. Based on reported emissions by European countries for brake and tire wear and road abrasion, an overview of the emissions for Europe is presented and further analyzed for gaps and consistency. Implied...

Finite Element Approach to Modeling Abrasive Wear Modes

Machine components operating in sandy environments will wear because of the abrasive interaction with sand particles. In this work, a method is derived to predict the amount of wear caused by such abrasive action, in order to improve the maintenance concept of the components. A finite element model is used to simulate various tips scratching a...

Experimental Protocol to Investigate Particle Aerosolization of a Product Under Abrasion and Under Environmental Weathering

The present article presents an experimental protocol to investigate particle aerosolization of a product under abrasion and under environmental weathering, which is a fundamental element to the approach of nanosafety-by-design of nanostructured products for their durable development. This approach is basically a preemptive one in which the...

First development to model aerosol emission from solid surfaces subjected to mechanical stresses: II. Experiment-theory comparison, simulation and sensibility analysis

In this work, the particle aerosols emissions during the abrasion of three products – brick, wood and stainless steel – are measured. Owing to different material removal mechanisms in these three products during their abrasions, different quantities and generation rates of aerosols are observed with the brick producing the highest number at a...

First development to model aerosol emission from solid surfaces subjected to mechanical stresses: I. Development and results

This article focuses on the development of an analytical model that simulates the particle aerosols emission from the traditional products under the effect of their mechanical abrasion at low abrasion speeds. An interdisciplinary approach is adopted. The information on the model development and its results are detailed here with all the...

Abrasive wear based predictive maintenance for systems operating in sandy conditions

Machines operating in sandy environments are damaged by the abrasive action of sand particles that enter the machine and become entrapped between components and contacting surfaces. In the case of the military services the combination of a sandy environment and the wide range of tasks to be fulfilled results in extreme and uncertain operating...

Effect of the Normal Load on the Release of Aerosol Wear Particles During Abrasion

A study highlighting the aspect of the generation of aerosol wear particles during abrasion is presented. The substrate chosen is a masonry brick which is reinforced with TiO2 nanoparticles. This is done using a pin on plate arrangement. The material removal mechanism via fracturing is first understood. The parameter chosen for the study is the...

A Review on the Study of the Generation of (Nano)particles Aerosols during the Mechanical Solicitation of Materials

This paper focuses on presenting the forefront of the interdisciplinary studies conceived towards the generation of the wear particles aerosol when materials are subjected to mechanical stresses. Various wear mechanisms and instrumentation involved during stress application and aerosolization of wear particles, as well as particles...

Evaluation of the Particle Aerosolization from n-TiO2 Photocatalytic Nanocoatings under Abrasion

A parametric study on the release of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles from two commercial photocatalytic nanocoatings is carried out. For this, abrasion tests are performed on them. The formed aerosols are characterized by their number concentration, particle size distribution, individual particle shape, size, and chemical composition. The...

The influence of abrasive body dimensions on single asperity wear

This work focuses on the relation between the properties of abrasive bodies and the wear they cause. By performing single asperity scratch tests to simulate abrasive wear, the wear process takes place in a controlled environment, allowing the properties of the abrasive body to be isolated and studied independently. The setup used is a pin-on...

Kinetic energy density and agglomerate abrasion rate during blending of agglomerates into powders

Problems related to the blending of a cohesive powder with a free flowing bulk powder are frequently encountered in the pharmaceutical industry. The cohesive powder often forms lumps or agglomerates which are not dispersed during the mixing process and are therefore detrimental to blend uniformity. Achieving sufficient blend uniformity requires...

Investigating the influence of sand particle properties on abrasive wear behaviour

Abrasion by sand particles is an important factor causing excessive wear in machines operating in sandy environments. To prevent such machines from failing, knowledge about the abrasive wear process is required. This work focuses on the relation between abrasive particle properties and the wear they cause. Sand was taken from several locations...

Adhesion experiments using an AFM-Parameters of influence

Adhesion measurements were performed by AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy). It was shown that many parameters need to be controlled in order to provide reproducible and quantitative results. Adhesion forces were shown to depend on combination of materials characteristics and testing geometry as well as experimental protocol (contact time, contact...

Wear of aluminium bronze in sliding contact with lubricated stainless steel sheet material

Aluminium bronze, well known for its good sliding properties, is frequently applied as tool material in sheet metal forming (SMF) of stainless steel, e.g. for the production of washing, refrigeration and cooking equipment. The limited hardness of the material makes it, however, sensitive to tool wear that is: volumetric wear of the tool due to...

Numerical prediction of car tire wear

Due to their many economic and ecological implications, the possibility to predict tire wear is of major importance to tire manufacturers, fleet owners and governments. Based on these observations, in 2000, a three-year project named TROWS (Tire and Road Wear and Slip assessment was started. One of the TROWS objectives is to provide a tool able...