The FEMA GRAS assessment of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and related substances used as flavor ingredients

This publication is the 12th in a series of safety evaluations performed by the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA). In 1993, the Panel initiated a comprehensive program to re-evaluate the safety of more than 1700 GRAS flavoring substances under conditions of intended use. Since then, the number of flavoring...

Inhibition of multidrug resistance proteins MRP1 and MRP2 by a series of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds

To study the possible interplay between glutathione metabolism of and MRP inhibition by thiol reactive compounds, the interactions of a series of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds with multidrug resistance proteins 1 and 2 (MRP1/ABCC1 and MRP2/ABCC2) were studied. α,β-Unsaturated carbonyl compounds react with glutathione, and therefore either...

Inhibition of glutathione S-transferase activity in human melanoma cells by alfa, beta-unsaturated carbonyl derivatives: Effects of acrolein, cinnamaldehyde, citral, crotonaldehyde, curcumin, ethacrynic acid, and trans-2-hexenal

The glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity towards 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in intact human IGR-39 melanoma cells was determined by the quantification by HPLC-analysis of the excreted glutathione (GSH) conjugate (S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)glutathione; DNPSG). The major GST subunit expressed in these melanoma cells is the π-class GST subunit P1....

Isolation and identification of volatiles in the foliage of potato, Solanum tuberosum, a host plant of the colorado beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata

The volatile compounds of Solanum tuberosum L., a host plant of the Colorado beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say, were isolated by successive vacuum steam distillation, freeze concentration, and extraction. The main components are trans-2-hexen-1-ol, 1-hexanol, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, trans-2-hexenal, and linalool. The distribution of these...