Post mortem analysis of bifacial PV modules based on N-type crystalline-SI cells using three different types of encapsulants

The IEC 61215 standard for PV modules requires a damp heat (DH) test (1000 h at 85°C, 85 % relative humidity). To have a better alignment with field observations extended and/or sequential testing protocols have been proposed, which involves for DH test a longer testing time under the same conditions. In this study small sized bifacial PV...

Vehicle integrated photovoltaics: evaluation of the energy yield potential through monitoring and modelling

Electric vehicles are destined to become the main form of people transport in the near future. They are noise and emission free with the potential to offer completely zero-emission use when the energy used to charge their batteries is generated from renewable resources. On-board PV, PV that is integrated into the body of the car is a novel...

Selective deployment of power optimizers: effect of shade on performance and hotspots in PV modules

The most simple grid connected PV system consists of a series connection of PV modules, connected to a string inverter. The power output of such a system can be sensitive to shade on a PV module. Also limited shade on a part of a cell can lead to high temperatures in that shaded cell, a so-called hotspot. The effect of shade can be reduced by...

Scaling up 4T perovskite / c-SI tandem modules

Many reports with excellent tandem efficiencies. Challenges: reliability and long term stability important: DH1000, combined test (more results are being reported, see this conference) - Performance in real outdoor behaviour and IV monitoring. Crucial both for the scaling up and as feedback to the perovskite material selection - Gen3 lamination ...