Translocation of differently sized and charged polystyrene nanoparticles in in vitro intestinal cell models of increasing complexity

Intestinal translocation is a key factor for determining bioavailability of nanoparticles (NPs) after oral uptake. Therefore, we evaluated three in vitro intestinal cell models of increasing complexity which might affect the translocation of NPs: a mono-culture (Caco-2 cells), a co-culture with mucus secreting HT29-MTX cells and a tri-culture...

Chronic tissue changes and carcinogenesis in the upper airway,

Inhalation toxicity testing is becoming increasingly important, among other things because of the increasing number of drugs that are administered through the intranasal route to avoid enzymatic and acid breakdown and first pass metabolism in the gastrointestinal mucosa and the liver. The nature and site of damage to the nasal mucosa are...