Mathijssen, S.G.J. (author), van Hal, P.A. (author), van den Biggelaar, T.J.M. (author), Smits, E.C.P. (author), de Boer, B. (author), Kemerink, M. (author), Janssen, R.A.J. (author), de Leeuw, D.M. (author) In organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), interface dipoles play an important role in the process of charge injection from the metallic electrode into the active organic layer.[1,2] An oriented dipole layer changes the effective work function of the electrode because of its internal electric field. The differences between the work functions of...
article 2008
