Detection in Urban Scenario Using Combined Airborne Imaging Sensors

The EDA project “Detection in Urban scenario using Combined Airborne imaging Sensors” (DUCAS) is in progress. The aim of the project is to investigate the potential benefit of combined high spatial and spectral resolution airborne imagery for several defense applications in the urban area. The project is taking advantage of the combined...

Time-varying phase diversity turbulence compensation

Long range object identification needs visual identification over large distances. However, atmospheric turbulence does hinder long range imaging. Therefore it is crucial to compensate the visual artifacts due to atmospheric turbulence. In this paper we propose a new method to compensate these turbulence effects, thus enabling identification at...

IRST Infrared Background analysis of Bay environments

Present-day naval operations take place in coastal environments as well as narrow straits all over the world. Coastal environments around the world are exhibiting a number of threats to naval forces. In particular a large number of asymmetric threats can be present in environments with cluttered backgrounds as well as rapidly varying atmospheric...

EO System Concepts in the Littoral

In recent years, operations executed by naval forces have taken place at many different locations. At present, operations against international terrorism and asymmetric warfare in coastal environments are of major concern. In these scenarios, the threat caused by pirates on-board of small surface targets, such as jetskis and fast inshore attack...

IRST testing methodologies: Maritime Infrared Background Simulator

In this paper we discuss methodologies to incorporate the effects of environments and scenarios in the testing of IRST systems. The proposed methodology is based on experience with sea based IRST trials combining the possibilities of performance assessment in required scenarios to the real performance in available coastal scenarios. For this...

Refractive effects, turbulence, and the EOSTAR model

An infrared signal or a laser beam propagating along a horizontal near-surface path will encounter substantial perturbations. The fluxes of momentum and heat near the surface are relatively large, and these in turn cause large changes in the propagated intensity, direction, and coherence. It is important to be able to accurately model the...

IR panoramic alerting sensor concepts and applications

During the last decade, protection of military and civilian operational platforms against weapons like guns, grenades, missiles, Unmanned Combat Aerial (and surface) Vehicles (UCAV's) and mines, has been an issue of increased importance due to the improved kill-probability of these threats. The standard countermeasure package of armour, guns,...

EUCLID RTP 8.2 IRST software simulator

Multi-scale Adaptive Gain Control of IR Images

IR imagery tends to have a higher dynamic range then typical display devices such as a CRT. Global methods such as stretching and histogram equalization improve the visibility of many images, but some information in the images stays hidden for a human operator. This paper reports about the possibility to represent more information by using local...

Non Invasive Thermal Imaging of GaAs MESFET's

We demonshate the use of an infrared focal plane array (IR-FPA) to measure the spatially-resolved surface temperature of a GaAs MESFET (gallium anenide metal-semiconductor field-effect lransistor) under DC and RF operating conditions. By compensating for variations of the small emissivity, absolute temperatures of +/- 5 oC, and small temperature...

Atmospheric effects on FPAs in IRSTs

In 1993 and 1994 TNO-FEL participated in the execution of experiments over the North Sea in order to derive the infrared atmospheric scintillation and beam deformation process. In 1993 the NATO MAPTIP trial allowed us to observe an infrared point source from a platform at sea with a 10 micron FLIR, at various ranges (0.5 - 5 NM) and in various...

IRST and its Perspective

This paper starts with a review of the status of presently available IRST sensors and continues with the problems that they are facing, even after more than 25 years of development. The problems arise from uncertainty in target signatures, atmospheric effects, background clutter and different types of hardware and processing shortcomings. Yet...

Image enhancement and moving target detection in IR image sequences

Results are presented of noise reduction by motion compensated temporal filtering in a noisy IR image sequence and of moving target detection in an air-to-ground IR image sequence. In the case of motion compensated temporal filtering our approach consists of estimating the optical flow between successive frames and subsequently averaging a small...

Ship Infrared Detection/Vulnerability

The IR contrast of ships at sea is of importance for those who want to detect or identify the ship and for those who worry about this. This IR contrast is determined by a large number of parameters. Of course temperatures of the ship's structure and those of the ambient sea and air are important, but also important are the reflection properties...

Review of Infrared Technology in the Netherlands

The use of infrared sensors in the Netherlands is substantial. Users can be found in a variety of disciplines, military as well as civil. This need for IR sensors implied a long history on IR technology and development. The result was a large technological-capability allowing the realization of IR hardware: specialized measuring equipment,...