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van Damme, I.M. (author), Mestres-Fitó, P. (author), Ramaker, H.J. (author), Hulsbergen, A.W.C. (author), van der Heijden, A.E.D.M. (author), Kranenburg, R.F. (author), van Asten, A.C. (author)There is an ongoing forensic and security need for rapid, on-scene, easy-to-use, non-invasive chemical identification of intact energetic materials at pre-explosion crime scenes. Recent technological advances in instrument miniaturization, wireless transfer and cloud storage of digital data, and multivariate data analysis have created new and...article 2023
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den Otter, J.H. (author), Pröfrock, D. (author), Bünning, T.H. (author), Strehse, J.S. (author), van der Heijden, A.E.D.M. (author), Maser, E. (author)After World War II, large amounts of ammunition were dumped in surface waters worldwide, potentially releasing harmful and toxic compounds to the environment. To study their degradation, ammunition items dumped in the Eastern Scheldt in The Netherlands were surfaced. Severe damage due to corrosion and leak paths through the casings were observed...article 2023
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van Geest, E.P. (author), van den Elshout, J.J.M.H. (author), Zevenbergen, J.F. (author), van der Heijden, A.E.D.M. (author)Akardite II (AK-II, N-methyl-N′,N′-diphenylurea) is a well-known stabilizer for nitrocellulose (NC) propellants as it scavenges NOx. Currently, AK-II is produced using phosgene, a highly toxic gas. An alternative, two-step synthesis route is presented here that does not rely on phosgene. First, symmetrical organic carbonates (R2CO3, with R = ...article 2022
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den Otter, J.H. (author), Olde, M.C. (author), van der Heijden, A.E.D.M. (author), Koolloos, M.F.J. (author)In 2020 werd een meetcampagne uitgevoerd ter plaatse van de munitiestort nabij Zierikzee om een beeld te krijgen van de staat van de gestorte munitie en van de in het water en de waterbodem aanwezige concentraties munitiegerelateerde componenten. Hiertoe werden munitieartikelen geborgen en bestudeerd en werden monsters genomen van het water en...report 2021
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Zebregs, M. (author), Mayer, A.E.H.J. (author), van der Heijden, A.E.D.M. (author)In this comparative study, a solid composite, AN/HTPB-based propellant was prepared by conventional processing in a mechanical mixer and by applying an advanced processing technique relying on resonant acoustic mixing (RAM). After curing of the propellants, cross-sections were prepared and characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Also the...article 2020
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Bezemer, K. (author), McLennan, L. (author), van Duin, L. (author), Kuijpers, C.J. (author), Koeberg, M. (author), van den Elshout, J.J.M.H. (author), van der Heijden, A.E.D.M. (author), Busby, T. (author), Yevdokimov, A. (author), Schoenmakers, P. (author), Smith, J. (author), Oxley, J. (author), van Asten, A. (author)Erythritol tetranitrate (ETN) was prepared independently by two research groups from the USA and the Netherlands. The partially nitrated impurities present in ETN were studied using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to address the ultimate challenge in forensic explosives investigations, i.e., providing chemical and tactical information on...article 2020
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van der Heijden, A.E.D.M. (author), van Geest, E.P. (author), van den Elshout, J.J.M.H. (author)The invention pertains to the synthesis of carbamate and urea compounds. In particular the invention is directed to the synthesis of carbamate and urea compounds which may be used in the production of compounds that are used to stabilize nitrocellulose. The method of the invention comprises preparing a carbamate or urea derivative comprising...patent 2020
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Bezemer, K. (author), McLennan, L. (author), Hessels, R. (author), Schoorl, J. (author), van den Elshout, J.J.M.H. (author), van der Heijden, A.E.D.M. (author), Hulsbergen, A. (author), Koeberg, M. (author), Busby, T. (author), Yevdokimov, A. (author), Rijke, E. (author), Schoenmakers, P. (author), Smith, J. (author), Oxley, J. (author), van Asten, A. (author)In this follow-up study the collaboration between two research groups from the USA and the Netherlands was continued to expand the framework of chemical attribution for the homemade explosive erythritol tetranitrate (ETN). Isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) analysis was performed to predict possible links between ETN samples and its...article 2020
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- van den Elshout, J.J.M.H. (author), Zebregs, M. (author), van der Heijden, A.E.D.M. (author) conference paper 2019
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van den Elshout, J.J.M.H. (author), Zebregs, M. (author), van Lingen, J.N.J. (author), Zevenbergen, J.F. (author), van den Otter, J.H. (author), Webb, R. (author), Bouma, R.H.B. (author), van der Heijden, A.E.D.M. (author)Accelerated aging studies were performed with novel nitrocellulose based porous pyrotechnic compositions comprising carbonate salts with stabilizing properties. The goal of these studies was to predict whether the compositions would meet specific safe shelf life requirements. In this prediction the Arrhenius equation of STANAG 4582 for safe...conference paper 2019
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Östmark, H. (author), Eldsäter, C. (author), van der Heijden, A.E.D.M. (author), de Klerk, W.P.C. (author), Weiser, V. (author), Herrmann, M. (author)Since 1969 the International Annual Conference of the Fraunhofer ICT has provided scientists from the energetic materials community a forum to share and discuss their research, to stimulate collaborations and strengthen relationships. The fact that this year we celebrate the 50th anniversary of this conference is a clear sign of the excellent...conference paper 2019
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van der Heijden, A.E.D.M. (author)In the domain of energetic nanomaterials, more specifically nano-sized explosives and oxidizers, many small scale production methods have been explored up to now. So far only limited attempts have been made to scale up the production to tens or maximally a few hunderds of grams. This paper provides a review of these small scale production...article 2018
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di Benedetto, G.L. (author), van Ramshorst, M.C.J. (author), Duvalois, W. (author), Hooijmeijer, P.A. (author), van der Heijden, A.E.D.M. (author)A tensile module system placed within a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was utilized to conduct insitu tensile testing of propellant samples. The tensile module system allows for real-time in-situ SEM analysis of the samples to determine the failure mechanism of the propellant material under tensile force. The focus of this study was to vary...article 2017
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van den Elshout, J.J.M.H. (author), Duvalois, W. (author), Di Benedetto, G.L. (author), Bouma, R.H.B. (author), van der Heijden, A.E.D.M. (author)A key-technique for the research of energetic materials is scanning electron microscopy. In this paper several examples are given of characterization studies on energetic materials, including a solid composite propellant formulation. Results of the characterization of energetic materials using scanning electron microscopy comprise the...conference paper 2016
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van der Heijden, A.E.D.M. (author), Bouma, R.H.B. (author)The influence of an explosion-driven deformation on the defect structure in RDX crystals embedded in a polymer-bonded explosive was investigated by means of confocal scanning laser microscopy. The images were compared to the defect structure in the as-received RDX grades, embeddedarticle 2016
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Li, W.W. (author), Radacsi, N. (author), Kramer, H.J.M. (author), van der Heijden, A.E.D.M. (author), ter Horst, J.H. (author)When applied to a pure component suspension in an apolar solvent, a strong inhomogeneous electric field induces particle movement, and the particles are collected at the surface of one of the two electrodes. This new phenomenon was used to separately isolate two organic crystalline compounds, phenazine and caffeine, from their suspension in 1,4...article 2016
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Bezemer, K.D.B. (author), Koeberg, M. (author), van der Heijden, A.E.D.M. (author), van Driel, C.A. (author), Blaga, C. (author), Bruinsma, J. (author), van Asten, A.C. (author)Studying links between triacetone triperoxide (TATP) samples from crime scenes and suspects can assist in criminal investigations. Isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) and gas chromatography (GC)-IRMS were used to measure the isotopic compositions of TATP and its precursors acetone and hydrogen peroxide. In total, 31 TATP samples were...article 2016
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Bouma, R.H.B. (author), van der Heijden, A.E.D.M. (author)An explosive composition, derived from AFX-757, was systematically varied by using three different qualities of Class I RDX. The effect of internal defect structure of the RDX crystal on the shock sensitivity of a polymer bonded explosive is generally accepted (Doherty and Watt, 2008). Here the response to a mechanical non-shock stimulus is...article 2016
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van der Heijden, A.E.D.M. (author), Bouma, R.H.B. (author)In an attempt to further contribute to the characterization of explosive compositions, small scale Floret tests were performed using four RDX grades, differing in product quality. A Floret test provides a measure – by indentation of a copper block – of detonation spreading or the initiability and shock wave divergence and is applied in...article 2016
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van Ramshorst, M.C.J. (author), di Benedetto, G.L. (author), Duvalois, W. (author), Hooijmeijer, P.A. (author), van der Heijden, A.E.D.M. (author)The failure mechanism of a propellant consisting of hydroxyl terminated poly-butadiene filled with ammonium perchlorate and aluminum (HTPB/AP/Al) was determined by performing in-situ uniaxial tensile tests in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The experimental test plan contained uniaxial tensile test experiments performed at room temperature...article 2016