Heavy-duty approval test cycles: Assessment of currently applied test cycles and theories for the development of new duty cycles

In the development of the new emission reduction technologies, the benefits of the use of these technologies must be assessed for real-life engine use. As in practice engines are developed to perform as good as possible on the approval test cycle on the basis of which emission limits are set, it is of the utmost importance that the engine load...

The next generation

No one knows for sure what the future holds, but the findings from several developments are providing an insight into the next generation.

Internal combustion engines in hybrid vehicles

In this paper the use of internal combustion engines in hybrid powertrains is investigated. The substantial difference between the use of internal combustion engines in conventional and in hybrid vehicles mean that engines for hybrid vehicles should be designed specifically for the purpose. At the TNO Road-Vehicles Research Institute, internal...

Dedicated auxiliary power units for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

The use of a dedicated auxiliary power unit is essential to utilize the potential that hybrid vehicles offer for efficient and ultra-clean transportation. An example of a hybrid project at the TNO Road-Vehicles Research Institute shows the development and the results of a dedicated auxiliary power unit for a series hybrid powertrain. This...

Elektrische en hybride voertuigen: een quick scan van de stand van zaken en trends

Dit rapport is een met beperkte middelen en in korte tijd samengestelde samenvatting van informatie die bij TNO aanwezig is in de vorm van literatuur en de kennis en ervaring van medewerkers. In de beschrijving van concrete voertuigen, componenten of activiteiten is geen volledigheid nagestreefd. Wel is gepoogd om in grote lijnen een degelijk...

Electric vehicles: Energy consumption and the comparision with other new vehicle technologies

In the end of the 19th century the electric vehicle (EV) controlled the market for road transport. But with remarkable improvements in the performance of internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs), EVs had vanished from the scene by the 1930's. Since then, they have attracted interest from time to time when energy or environmental problems...

Hybrid CNG electric buses

Development and testing of an electric Spijkstaal VW Caravelle

As part of the practical trials for electric vehicles in the Netherlands, a conventional Volkswagen Caravelle has been converted into an all-electric vehicle able to carry 8 passengers. In view of the frequent and professional use of the vehicle, it had to be reliable and provide adequate performance. The requirement for a minimum daily range of...