Virtual instruction in driving simulators

Effects of speech versus tactile driver support messages on driving behaviour and workload

In a driving simulator experiment, effects were tested of an integrated support system on driving behaviour, user acceptance and workload. An alternative workload measure was used based upon peripheral vision. Two modes of support (tactile and speech messages) were compared to a control condition without support. Subjects were confronted with...

A comparison of diferent ways to approximate time-to-line crossing (TLC) during car driving

Three experiments are presented in which the accuracy of different methods to approximate time-to-line crossing is assessed. In the first experiment TLC was computed, using a trigonometric method, during normal driving while the vehicle stayed in lane. The minima of TLC were compared with two approximations and it was found computing TLC as...

Measuring distraction: The Peripheral Detection Task

The possibilities for measuring workload or driver distraction by means of the Peripheral Detection Task during driving with in-vehicle equipment were investigated in a driving simulator experiment. The results show that the Peripheral Detection Task is a very sensitive method of measuring peaks in workload, induced by either a critical scenario...

The use of a driving simulator for testing a driver support system in critical situations

In a driving simulator the effects of a prototype driver support system were tested on workload and driver behaviour. For these pu{poses, a number of critical incidents that were too dangerous to test on the road were simulated on a motorway. It was found that the critical incidents resulted in increased workload. Because of this, the workload...

The human element in car following models

This commentary distinguishes between the engineering-inspired formalisms used by Brackstone, M., and McDonald, M. (Transportation Research Part F (1999)) and the psychological knowledge of, and assumptions about human behaviour when car following. It outlines a preliminarry mathematical model, based on psychological knowledge about car...

Lane change manoeuvres and safety margins

The relation between perceptual information and the motor response during lane-change manoeuvres was studied in a fixed-based driving simulator. Eight subjects performed 48 lane changes with varying vehicle speed, lane width and direction of movement. Three sequential phases of the lane change manoeuvre are distinguished. During the first phase...

Prefered time headway in car-following and individual differences in perceptual-motor skills

18 Subjects were tested in a simulator to assess whether choice of time headway in car-following is related to individual differences in perceptual-motor skills. Drivers with a larger preferred time headway committed larger steering errors while driving on a winding road and were less accurate in maintaining a constant distance to a lead vehicle...

Het functionele visuele veld als een indicator voor de werklast [The functional visual field as an indicator of workload]

A method is described for measuring workload and peaks in workload while driving. The method is based on the idea that the functional visual field is reduced when workload increases. It has been tested in an experiment in a driving simulator. In this experiment the increase in workload caused by attending to speech-generated messages and tactile...

Een methode voor het testen van het verkeersveiligheidsrisico van informatiesystemen in de auto [A method for testing the safety risks of in-vehicle systems on driving]

A model is presented of task performance of the primary driving task and secondary in-vehicle tasks. This is illustrated by an experiment in which the effects of using a map display version of an RDS-TMC (Radio-Data System/Traffic Messages Channel) system on the lateral control task have

Low-cost simulators 3b: Task analysis for driving simulation

To investigate the possibilities for application of low-cost simulators within military training courses, the research project called elstar (European Low-cost Simulation Technology for the Armed forces) is carried out under contract of the Ministries of Defence of the five participating countries of Research Technology Project (RTP) 11.8, viz....

Een methode voor het testen van het verkeersveiligheidsrisico van informatiesystemen in de auto

Low-cost simulators 1c: training analysis of 9 military training areas

The objective of the EUCLID RTP11.8 ELSTAR project "Low-cost simulators" is to develop guidelines for the specification, development and application of low-cost training simulators. Low-cost simulators are trainers that, through the use of commercially available and emerging technologies, provide superior benefit-to-cost ratios when compared to...

Speed choice and steering behavior in curve driving

The relation between speed choice and steering performance during curve negotiation was studied in a driving simulator. The hypothesis was that curve radius and steering competence both affect steering error during curve driving, resulting in compensatory speed choice. In this, the control of safety margins was assumed to operate as a regulatory...

GIDS architecture

This paper deals with the functions of the GIDS prototype. It describes its actual implementation at the software and hardware levels. The software modules and their functions will be introduced and subsequently described in detail. Also the connection to the outside world is coverd. This is followed by identifying the allocation of the various...