Emission reduction of non-CO2 greenhouse gases used as refrigerant

Non-0O2 Greenhouse gases, in particular CFCs, HCFCs and HFCs, are the main refrigerants used in refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump equipment. This kind of equipment traditionally leaks significantly (10 to 40 % of the content on a yearly base) during operational life. At end of life, the refrigerant content traditionally emits...

Klimaat op maat. Beproevingen in klimaatkamers bij TNO. (Tests in climate rooms of TNO (= Institute of Applicated Physical Research))

Flammable refrigerants

Hydrocarbons are promising alternatives for CFC, HCFC and HFC refrigerants. Due to their flammable nature, safety aspects have to be considered carefully. The world-wide situation concerning acceptability and practical application of flammable refrigerants is becoming more and more complex and confusing. Quantification of the risks of using...

Energy efficiency in refrigerated transport

In refrigerated road transport, 10 to 40 `)/0 of the total energy consumption is related to refrigeration. However, energy consumption and energy efficiency of refrigerated transport equipment is rarely mentioned in the discussions about energy saving, potentials in road transport. Two main approaches are discussed.

Dutch regulations for reduction of refrigerant emissions: Experiences with a unique approach over the period 1993-1998

In the Netherlands, a unique approach concerning the ozone depleting and global warming issues, with respect to refrigerants, operates since 1992. National mandatory regulations focus on leakage and emission reduction, instead of bans on production or specific applications.

Energy labels for refrigeration / AC equipment minimum efficiency requirements

Energy labelling for refrigeration and air conditioning equipment is one of the best ways to stimulate energy efficiency and energy saving, without limiting free trade. Particularly in the European Union, interest in energy labelling is increasing and for some product groups mandatory or voluntary labelling schemes exist or are foreseen....

Transport refrigeration efficiency

Technische haalbaarheidsstudie energiezuinige transportkoelunits

Introduction of FLO-ICE and Binary Ice technology as energy efficient and environmentally benign working fluids in the field of refrigeration and air conditioning

Leckdichte Anlagen mit direkter Expansion und synthetischen Kältemitteln: eine alternative zum Europäischen trend zu natürlichen kältemitteln

Feasibility of air cycle systems for building air conditioning systems

Risk assessment of the use of flammable refrigerants: Final report

Ontdooisensoren in de praktijk