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Vermeer, A.J.P.M. (author), Roozeboom, F. (author), van Deelen, J. (author)Method of depositing an atomic layer on a substrate. the method comprises supplying a precursor gas fraom a precursor-gas supply of a deposition head that may be part of a rotatable drum. The precursor gas is provided from the presursor-gas supply towards the substrate. The method further comprises moving the precursor-gas supply by rotating the...patent 2020
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Kovacic, M. (author), Krc, J. (author), Lipovsek, B. (author), Chen, W.C. (author), Edoff, M. (author), Bolt, P.J. (author), van Deelen, J. (author), Zhukova, M. (author), Lontchi, J. (author), Flandre, D. (author), Salomé, P. (author), Topic, M. (author)In ultra-thin chalcopyrite solar cells and photovoltaic modules, efficient light management is required to increase the photocurrent and to gain in conversion efficiency. In this work we employ optical modelling to investigate different optical approaches and quantify their potential improvements in the short-circuit current density of Cu(In, Ga...article 2019
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van Deelen, J. (author), Tezsevin, Y. (author), Barink, M. (author)Most research of texturization of solar cells has been devoted to Si based cells. For perovskites, it was assumed that texturization would not have much of an impact because of the relatively low refractive indexes lead to relatively low reflection as compared to the Si based cells. However, our optical modeling shows that a significant gain in...article 2017
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van Deelen, J. (author), Barink, M. (author)Metallization of the front contact can increase the conductivity. We show the optical benefit by combining nanowire with a texture of the thin film stack. The parallel nanowires are placed in crevices of a texture in the optical model. Texturization reduces the reflection of both the stack and the nanowire. For a period of 500 nm, the reflection...conference paper 2017
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van Deelen, J. (author), Frijters, C. (author)We have investigated the benefit of a patterned metallization on top of a transparent conductive oxide in CIGS thin-film solar panels. It was found that cells with a grid have a higher efficiency compared to cells with only a TCO. This was observed for all cell lengths used. Furthermore, metallic grids enable increase of the cell length up to 10...article 2017
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van Deelen, J. (author), Omar, A. (author), Barink, M. (author)The conductivity of transparent front contacts can be improved by patterned metallic nanowires, albeit at the cost of optical loss. The associated optical penalty can be strongly reduced by texturization of the cell stack. Remarkably, the nanowires themselves are not textured and not covered in our design. This was shown by optical modeling...article 2017
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van Deelen, J. (author), Barink, M. (author)Innovation in the field of thin-film cells, in addition to economy of scale and the manufacturing learning curve, is an important element in keeping the price of this technology competitive. Most papers on these cells focus on their technology; however, the economic potential of the technology is also important. Of even greater significance, a...article 2017
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van Deelen, J. (author)For a wide range of bandgaps of solar cell materials, the potential contribution of upconversion materials was calculated and related to various configurations of the solar cell and upconversion layers. Moreover, by comparing these various strategies with the potential of a dual junction tandem cell configuration, a compelling case is made for...article 2017
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van Deelen, J. (author), Tezsevin, Y. (author), Omar, A. (author), Barink, M. (author)We show the results of nanotextured device designs combined with carefully placed nanogrids in order to minimize optical losses. Finite element method (FEM) based optical modeling indicates that the reflection of both the layer stack and the metal is diminished by the proposed configuration in which the metallic nanowires at the front of a...article 2017
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Vermeer, A.J.P.M. (author), Roozeboom, F. (author), van Deelen, J. (author)Method of depositing an atomic layer on a substrate. The method comprises supplying a precursor gas from a precursor-gas supply of a deposition head that may be part of a rotatable drum. The precursor gas is provided from the precursor-gas supply towards the substrate. The method further comprises moving the precursor-gas supply by rotating the...patent 2017
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van Deelen, J. (author), Rem, M. (author), Arfsten, N. (author), Buskens, P.P. (author)TCOs are usually deposited using sputtering or chemical vapor deposition, which have a yield of typically 50-75%. The sol gel method does not need low pressure and can be done with a high precursor yield in the range of 90 – 100%. Sol gel enables also the TCO function as a planarization or texturisation layer. Major drawback and cost driver is...article 2016
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van Deelen, J. (author), Tezsevin, Y. (author), Barink, M. (author)The trade-off between transmittance and conductivity of the front contact material poses abottleneck for thin film solar panels. Normally, the front contact material is a metal oxide and the optimal cell configuration and panel efficiency were determined for various band gap materials, representing Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS), CdTe and high band gap...article 2016
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Soppe, W.J. (author), van Swaaij, R.A.C.M.M. (author), van Deelen, J. (author), Creatore, M. (author), Zhang, D. (author), Williams, B.L. (author), van der Werf, C.H.M. (author), Crombach, B. (author), van Erven, R. (author), Vroon, Z. (author), Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (author)Application of structured back reflectors, made by Nano-Imprint Lithography is shown to result in excellent light trapping in a-Si and nc-Si cells on steel foil. Applying these concepts we managed to achieve back reflectors with a Haze factor of more than 95% for the entire visible wavelength regime. On these back reflectors, nc- Si and a-Si...conference paper 2016
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Vermeer, A.J.P.M. (author), Roozeboom, F. (author), van Deelen, J. (author)Method of depositing an atomic layer on a substrate. The method comprises supplying a precursor gas from a precursor-gas supply of a deposition head that may be part of a rotatable drum. The precursor gas is provided from the precursor-gas supply towards the substrate. The method further comprises moving the precursor-gas supply by rotating the...patent 2016
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van Deelen, J. (author), Frijters, C. (author), Suijlen, M. (author), Barink, M. (author)The effect of the front contact characteristics on the working of monolithically integrated thin film solar panels and effective ways of improving the front contact are discussed. Efficiencies were calculated for various cell lengths and scribing areas in between cells (interconnection dead zone widths). The application of a metallic grid was...article 2015
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van Deelen, J. (author), Barink, M. (author), Klerk, L. (author), Voorthuijzen, P. (author), Hovestad, A. (author)Modeling indicates a potential efficiency boost of 17% if thin-film solar panels are featured with a metallic grid. Variations of transparent conductive oxide sheet resistance, cell length, and grid dimensions are discussed. These parameters were optimized simultaneously to obtain the best result. Moreover, the power output as a function of...article 2015
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van Deelen, J. (author), Barink, M. (author), Klerk, L. (author), Voorthuijzen, P. (author), Hovestad, A. (author)Most development work in the laboratory is dedicated to efficiency enhancements at the cell level; improvements in efficiency can lead to higher cost-competitiveness of PV. However, the cost of panel manufacturing is an important aspect as well. For CIGS panels the deposition of the active layer is an important part of the cost, and decreasing...article 2015
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van Deelen, J. (author), Klerk, L. (author), Barink, M. (author)There is a gap in efficiency between record thin film cells and mass produced thin film solar panels. In this paper we quantify the effect of monolithic integration on power output for various configurations by modeling and present metallization as a way to improve efficiency of solar panels. Grid design and finger dimension optimization was...article 2014
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Xu, M. (author), Wachters, A.J.H. (author), van Deelen, J. (author), Mourad, M.C.D. (author), Buskens, P.J.P. (author)We present a systematic study of the effect of variation of the zinc oxide (ZnO) and copper indium gallium (di)selenide (CIGS) layer thickness on the absorption characteristics of CIGS solar cells using a simulation program based on finite element method (FEM). We show that the absorption in the CIGS layer does not decrease monotonically with...article 2014
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Burghoorn, M.M.A. (author), Kniknie, B.J. (author), van Deelen, J. (author), Xu, M. (author), Vroon, Z.A.E.P. (author), van Ee, R.J. (author), van de Belt, R. (author), Buskens, P.J.P. (author)Textured transparent conductors are widely used in thin-film silicon solar cells. They lower the reflectivity at interfaces between different layers in the cell and/or cause an increase in the path length of photons in the Si absorber layer, which both result in an increase in the number of absorbed photons and, consequently, an increase in...article 2014