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de Jong, A.N. (author), Schwering, P.B.W. (author), Benoist, K.W. (author), Gunter, W.H. (author), Vrahimis, G. (author), October, F.J. (author)For users of Electro-Optical (EO) sensors at sea, knowledge on their resolution is of key operational importance for the prediction of the obtainable classification ranges. Small targets may be located at ranges of 20 km and more and the present day sensor pixel size may be as small as 10 μrad. In this type of scenarios, sensor resolution will...conference paper 2014
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de Jong, A.N. (author), Schwering, P.B.W. (author), van Eijk, A.M.J. (author), Gunter, W.H. (author)Various atmospheric propagation effects are limiting the long range performance of electro-optical imaging systems. These effects include absorption and scattering by molecules and aerosols, refraction due to vertical temperature gradients and scintillation and blurring due to turbulence. In maritime and coastal areas, ranges up to 25 km are...article 2013
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de Jong, A.N. (author), Schwering, P.B.W. (author), Benoist, K.W. (author), Gunter, W.H. (author), Vrahimis, G. (author), October, F.J. (author)During the FATMOSE trial, held over the False Bay (South Africa) from November 2009 until October 2010, day and night (24/7) high resolution images were collected of point sources at a range of 15.7 km. Simultaneously, data were collected on atmospheric parameters, as relevant for the turbulence conditions: air- and sea temperature, windspeed,...conference paper 2012
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de Jong, A.N. (author), Schwering, P.B.W. (author), Gunter, W.H. (author), Vrahimis, G. (author), October, F.J. (author)The knowledge on scintillation, caused by atmospheric turbulence, is of vital importance for the performance prediction of threat detection systems and for the development of associated detection algorithms. Additionally, scintillation data may support the knowledge on turbulence characteristics. Along these ideas, data have been analysed,...conference paper 2012
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de Jong, A.N. (author), van Eijk, A.M.J. (author), Benoist, K.W. (author), Gunter, W.H. (author), Vrahimis, G. (author), October, F.J. (author)Knowledge on the marine boundary layer is of importance for the prediction of the optical image quality obtained from long range targets. One property of the boundary layer, that can be studied rather easily by means of optical refraction measurements, is the vertical temperature profile. This profile can be compared with the profile, as...conference paper 2011
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de Jong, A.N. (author), van Eijk, A.M.J. (author), Cohen, L.H. (author), Fritz, P.J. (author), Gunter, W.H. (author), Vrahimisb, G. (author), Faith, J. (author)The FATMOSE trial (False Bay Atmospheric Experiment) is a continuation of the cooperative work between TNO and IMT on atmospheric propagation and point target detection and identification in a maritime environment (South Africa). The atmospheric transmission, being of major importance for target detection, was measured with the MSRT multiband...conference paper 2011
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de Jong, A.N. (author)Measurements taken through the year in False Bay, South Africa, are helping to validate models of sensor performance for a range of practical applicationsarticle 2011
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de Jong, A.N. (author), Fritz, P.J. (author), Benoist, K.W. (author), van Eijk, A.M.J. (author), Schwering, P.B.W. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)The FATMOSE trial (FAlse-bay ATMOSpheric Experiment) running over a period from November 2009 to July 2010,was a continuation of the cooperation between TNO and IMT on atmospheric propagation and point target detection and identification in a maritime environment. Instruments were installed for measuring scintillation, blurring- and refraction...conference paper 2010
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- de Jong, A.N. (author), Kusmierczyk-Michulec, J.T. (author), Frits, P.F. (author), Cohen, L.H. (author), van Eijk, A.M.J. (author), van Iersel, M. (author) public lecture 2009
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Optical characteristics of small surface targets, measured in the False Bay, South Africa; June 2007TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author), de Jong, A.N. (author), Schwering, P.B.W. (author), Fritz, P.J. (author), Gunter, W.H. (author)During the False Bay trial (June 2007), the performance of a set of three optical sensors was tested against several small surface targets in a coastal area: a hyperspectral camera, a camera with a rotating polarization filter and a high resolution camera. One objective was the validation of a contrast and clutter model for the visual spectral...conference paper 2009
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TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author), de Jong, A.N. (author), Schwering, P.B.W. (author), Fritz, P.J. (author)The impact of atmospheric turbulence in the marine boundary layer on the performance of ship-borne and coastal optical and infrared surveillance sensors is well known. On the one hand, the detection process may benefit from scintillation of signals from point-like targets at long range, while target identification is hampered by turbulence...conference paper 2009
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Kusmierczyk-Michulec, J. (author), van Eijk, A.M.J. (author), Moerman, M.M. (author), Cohen, L.H. (author), de Jong, A.N. (author), Fritz, P. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)Atmospheric aerosol particles affect the Earth's radiative balance both in the cloud-free and the cloudy atmosphere. The direct effect of aerosols is related with scattering and absorption of solar radiation, and as a consequence, reduction of the amount of radiation reaching the surface. The best parameter that quantifies this effect is the...conference paper 2008
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TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author), de Jong, A.N. (author), Schwering, P.B.W. (author), Fritz, P.J. (author)Complementary to a measurement campaign of small surface targets in the False Bay, South Africa [1], a set-up could be arranged of atmospheric propagation experiments. This opportunity allowed us to collect another set of transmission data in a coastal area, where the environmental conditions are generally non-homogeneous and rapidly changing....conference paper 2008
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TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author), de Jong, A.N. (author), Schwering, P.B.W. (author), Fritz, P.J. (author)Complementary to a measurement campaign of small surface targets in the False Bay, South Africa [1], a set-up could be arranged of atmospheric propagation experiments. This opportunity allowed us to collect another set of transmission data in a coastal area, where the environmental conditions are generally non-homogeneous and rapidly changing....conference paper 2008
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de Jong, A.N. (author), van Eijk, A.M.J. (author), Fritz, P.J. (author), Cohen, L.H. (author), Moerman, M.M. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)The knowledge of the atmospheric aerosol characteristics is of great importance for the range performance of Infrared and Electro-Optical sensor systems. The composition, the concentration and the size distribution of aerosols determine their scattering behavior as function of wavelength and thus their attenuation of light beams. When studies...conference paper 2007
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TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author), de Jong, A.N. (author), Fritz, P.J. (author)Optical refraction tends to occur frequently in the atmospheric boundary layer. Due to a gradient in the temperature as function of height, rays are bending down towards the earth (super-refraction), or up towards to the sky (sub-refraction). As a consequence, images of targets at long range may be distorted and mirages may occur, while the...conference paper 2007
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TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author), Schwering, P.B.W. (author), Bezuidenhout, D.F. (author), Gunter, W.H. (author), de Jong, A.N. (author), Fritz, P.J. (author), le Roux, F.P.J. (author), Sieberhagen, R.H. (author), Holloway, M. (author), Vrahimis, G. (author), October, F.J. (author), Kemp, R.A.W. (author)Present-day naval operations take place in coastal environments as well as narrow straits all over the world. Coastal environments around the world are exhibiting a number of threats to naval forces. In particular a large number of asymmetric threats can be present in environments with cluttered backgrounds as well as rapidly varying atmospheric...conference paper 2007
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TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author), Dion, D. (author), Gardenal, L. (author), de Jong, A.N. (author), Forand, L. (author), Vogel, H. (author), Hurtaud, Y. (author), Stein, K. (author)multinational campaign was organized by the NATO SET56 Group to assess transmission in coastal environments: the VAlidation Measurements of Propagation in IR and RAdar (VAMPIRA) experiment. VAMPIRA was conducted in the Baltic Sea, near Surendorf, Germany, from 27 March to 4 April 2004. During VAMPIRA, transmission was measured in the IR and the...conference paper 2007
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TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author), de Jong, A.N. (author), van Eijk, A.M.J. (author), Moerman, M.M. (author), Cohen, L.H. (author)The presence of atmospheric aerosols along the line of sight of infrared and electro-optical sensors greatly determines the range performance of these devices. On the one hand the aerosol particles scatter background (including sun) radiance into the field of view of the sensor, on the other hand they contribute to the atmospheric contrast...conference paper 2006
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TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author), de Jong, A.N. (author), van Eijk, A.M.J. (author), Moerman, M.M. (author), Cohen, L.H. (author)In an earlier paper [1], data from our Multi-Band Radiometer Transmissometer (MSRT) were used to compare the ratio of extinction coefficients in different spectral bands during periods of changing visibility conditions. This ratio is an indication of the characteristics and origin (eg rural or maritime) of the haze- or fog particles, present in...conference paper 2006