Experimental studies on a combined pyrolysis/staged condensation/ hydrotreatment approach to obtain biofuels and biobased chemicals

Fast pyrolysis is an efficient technology to convert lignocellulosic biomass to a liquid product. However, the high contents of oxygenated compounds and water hinder the direct utilization of pyrolysis oils. Here, we report an upgrading concept to obtain liquid products with improved product properties and enriched in valuable low molecular...

Intercomparison of MAX-DOAS vertical profile retrieval algorithms Studies on field data from the CINDI-2 campaign

The second Cabauw Intercomparison of Nitrogen Dioxide measuring Instruments (CINDI-2) took place in Cabauw (the Netherlands) in September 2016 with the aim of assessing the consistency of multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements of tropospheric species (NO2, HCHO, O3, HONO, CHOCHO and O4). This was achieved...

Intercomparison of NO2, O4, O3 and HCHO slant column measurements by MAX-DOAS and zenith-sky UV-visible spectrometers during CINDI-2

In September 2016, 36 spectrometers from 24 institutes measured a number of key atmospheric pollutants for a period of 17 d during the Second Cabauw Intercomparison campaign for Nitrogen Dioxide measuring Instruments (CINDI-2) that took place at Cabauw, the Netherlands (51.97-N, 4.93-E). We report on the outcome of the formal semi-blind...

Establishment of a novel functional group passivation system for the surface engineering of c-Si solar cells

Surface engineering of crystalline silicon (c-Si) is the core of Si-based semiconductor devices. The current commercially available c-Si solar cells achieve this by making use of a conventional thin dielectric film passivation system (TDFPS), including SiO2, Al2O3, SiNx:H and hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) in industry. However, the...

Development of Large-Area Bifacial Interdigitated-Back-Contact (IBC) Solar cell with Industrial Production Environment

IBC Solar cell process was developed based on the same process equipment as used for the Yingli N-type Panda Si solar cell technology. Recombination at surface and metal contact areas as well as contact resistivity were investigated and optimized to get a balance between Voc and FF. Moreover, the IR characteristics at -10V shown homogeneous...

Pilot line results of N-type IBC cell process in mass production environment

Together with Yingli Solar and Tempress Systems, ECN accelerates the development of the Mercury IBC technology by implementing its low-cost cell process in a mass production environment. The Mercury solar cell concept based on a bifacial IBC cell design with a front floating emitter (FFE) can now be fully processed on Yinglis pilot line. Pilot...

MWT Cells for shade-linear, diode-free modules

Metal wrap through (MWT) technology is an all back contact cell technology where the front emitter contact is extended through a laser-drilled via to the rear cell surface. The vias act as a pathway for current under both forward and reverse bias voltage conditions. Through engineering the vias, we tune the resistivity under reverse bias voltage...

A Chinese literature overview on ultra-weak photon emission as promising technology for studying system-based diagnostics

To present the possibilities pertaining to linking ultra-weak photon emission (UPE) with Chinese medicine-based diagnostics principles, we conducted a review of Chinese literature regarding UPE with respect to a systems view of diagnostics. Data were summarized from human clinical studies and animal models published from 1979 through 1998. The...

Manipulating reverse current in 21% n-MWT cells

Metal wrap through (MWT) cells and modules offer technology that combines a front junction cell with an all back contact module interconnection offering potential for higher efficiency, improved cost to power ratio, lower electrical cell to module losses, and improved module aesthetics. For the best conversion efficiency, isolation of the vias...

A piezoelectric vibration harvester based on clamped-guided beams

The paper addresses the design, modeling, fabrication and experimental results of a piezoelectric energy harvester based on clamped-guided beams. The design is featured by shorter mass displacement and higher reliability than cantilever beams. Two separate sets of capacitors allow exploiting both tensile and compressive stress at the same time....

Energy-autonomous wireless vibration sensor for condition-based maintenance of machinery

This paper addresses the development of an energy-autonomous wireless vibration sensor for condition-based monitoring of machinery. Such technology plays an increasingly important role in modern manufacturing industry. In this work, energy harvesting is realized by resorting to a custom designed thermoelectric generator. The developed wireless...

Micromachined polycrystalline si thermopiles in a T-shirt

The technology for in-plane poly-Si thermopiles has been developed. The bulkmicromachined thermopiles are located between two Si bars and connected thermally with those bars through thin-film thermal shunts. The patterned strips of thermocouple material together with thermal shunts form bridges between Si bars. Two versions of a thermoelectric...

Measurement of Seebeck coefficient of electroplated thermoelectric films in presence of a seed layer

Effect of the seed layer on Seebeck coefficient measurement of electroplated thermoelectric films was quantitatively analyzed. It is found that sheet, rather than bulk resistance of the seed layer, or more precisely its relative comparison to sheet resistance of the film, determines the effects. The analysis reveals that the seed layer's effect...

Characterization of a bulk-micromachined membraneless in-plane thermopile

This paper describes the characterization method and results for bulk- micromachined in-plane thermopiles. Made of poly-Si or poly-SiGe, the thermocouple legs bridge the hot and cold side of a Si frame, which is formed by bulk micromachining. The characterization of the fabricated devices is carried out on a dedicated experimental setup, using...

A batch process micromachined thermoelectric energy harvester: Fabrication and characterization

Micromachined thermopiles are considered as a cost-effective solution for energy harvesters working at a small temperature difference and weak heat flows typical for, e.g., the human body. They can be used for powering autonomous wireless sensor nodes in a body area network. In this paper, a micromachined thermoelectric energy harvester with 6...

Side impact injury prediction with fe simulations of the new advanced world sid fe dummy models

Two new World SID (50th and 5th) FE models were developed for providing virtual tools of predicting occupant injuries during vehicle side collisions. The virtual dummy models have been verified with their physical counterparts in aspects of lab certification tests, bio-fidelity and sled tests. Many new techniques have been utilized in the model...

Anthropometry for WorldSID a world-harmonized midsize male side impact crash dummy

The WorldSID project is a global effort to design a new generation side impact crash test dummy under the direction of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The first WorldSID crash dummy will represent a world-harmonized mid-size adult male. This paper discusses the research and rationale undertaken to define the...

Rare earth elements and other metals in atmospheric particulate matter in the western part of the Netherlands

Atmospheric particulate matter (APM) was collected in Delft, in the western part of the Netherlands, on micro-quartz glass fibre filters from July to September, 1997. The concentrations of rare earth elements (REE) and 9 other metals (Cd, Pb, Fe, V, Ti, Mg, Ca, Na and Al) in the APM were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry...