CO2 storage feasibility in the P18-2 depleted gas field

This study presents the results from a CO2 storage feasibility study on the P18-depleted gas field that is located in the Netherlands offshore. The aim of the study was to understand the risks associated with injecting CO2 into the field, to outline injection strategies that lead to safe and secure storage and, finally, to propose an approach to...

De-risking shallow geothermal energy storage in challenging urban environments

In 2017 TNO and GFZ combined a dense accelerometer based high resolution surface seismic survey with a fibre optic based Vertical Seismic Profiling (DAS VSP) survey. The combined survey took place on a narrow patch of land in a challenging, noisy urban environment, in Berlin, Germany. The objective was to demonstrate the possibility to acquire a...

Selection of field parameters for shallow seismic reflection surveying and the results of two new shallow seismic lines

Several faults in the border area between Netherlands and Germany show a complex structure. Deep seismic lines do not reveal the shallow structure well enough and the density of the available lines is low. We conducted two high resolution seismic reflection lines to clarify some of the geological questions about the fault structure. This paper...

Near-surface shear-wave velocity profiling with ambient noise seismic interferometry for geothermal exploration

We demonstrate in this geothermal exploration case study performed in The Netherlands that ambient noise seismic interferometry (ANSI) can be an effective and efficient method for obtaining surface wave dispersion curves, leading to shallow shear-wave velocity-depth profiles that can improve imaging of deep structures. As the ANSI method...

13 years of safe CO2 injection at K12-B

Since 2004 the feasibility of CO2 injection and storage in depleted natural gas fields has been researched and demonstrated at K12-B, a gas field on the Dutch continental shelf. In total over 100 Kton of CO2 was injected. The entire operation at the K12-B field was completed without any major complications. It can therefore be stated that safe...

Options for CO2 sequestration in Kuwait

In preparation for future requirements to abate CO2 emission levels, a CO2 storage feasibility study was carried out for the country of Kuwait. At present, no definite plans exist to install capture facilities at the larger emission points in the country; the study presented is one of the first steps to prepare the country for a low-carbon...

Reykjanes ambient noise reflection interferometry

We present results from the application of ambient noise seismic interferometry (ANSI) to data that were recorded continuously in 2014 and 2015 at Iceland’s peninsula Reykjanes. The objective of this study is the retrieval of reflected body waves (P-waves) that provide high-resolution velocity-versus-depth as well as subsurface structural...

Stochastic history matching to time-lapse seismic of a CO2-EOR project sector model

A stochastic seismic history matching workflow has been applied to a single well pattern sector from the Phase 1A development area of the Weyburn CO2-EOR project. Several experiments were conducted aimed at updating permeability and porosity at all grid cells in the model such that mismatches with time-lapse seismic data interpretations of CO2...

GHGT-11 - Offshore storage options for CO2 in the Netherlands

This paper presents the results from an assessment of high-capacity storage options in the offshore area of The Netherlands. For deep saline formations, available regional geological maps were combined with fault structures derived from seismic data to reveal the compartmentalization of prospective reservoir formations. Adding knowledge...

The challenges of monitoring CO2 storage

At present there is an increasing consensus that the global climate is changing as a result of increased atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases such as CO2. The emissions of CO2 are directly linked to the abundant application of fossil energy sources. © 2011 Society of Exploration Geophysicists.

Results of a monitoring pilot with a permanent buried multicomponent seismic array at Ketzin

To monitor the migration of the injected CO2 in the Ketzin project (Germany) a permanently buried multi-component seismic array has been installed in August 2009. Since then the array has been continuously recording passive seismic data. Additionally an active seismic survey resulting in a 230 m long 2D seismic line roughly passing over the...

Monitoring the CO2 injection site: K12-B

The K12-B gas field is located in the Dutch sector of the North Sea. The top of the reservoir lies approximately 3800 meters below sea level, and the ambient temperature of the reservoir is over 127 °C. The K12-B gas field has been producing natural gas from 1987 onwards and is currently operated by GDF SUEZ E&P Nederland B.V. The natural gas...