Grounding of Pilots: Medical Reasons and Recommendations for Prevention

BACKGROUND: This article presents the results of an EASA-commissioned study aimed at analyzing the medical causes of grounding of a broad European pilot population and recommending measures to reduce the risk of in-flight incapacitation in commercial air transport pilots. METHOD: European National Aviation Authorities (NAAs) were requested to...

Capturing effort and recovery: reactive and recuperative cortisol responses to competition in well-trained rowers

Background/aimIt is well known that physical strain is associated with increased cortisol production. And although mental stress elevates cortisol concentrations as well, little is known of the independent and/or combined effects of both on the secretion of cortisol. Aim of the study was to investigate the day-to-day cortisol dynamics associated...

Re: Errors in the editorial by Christensen and Giovannoni [HERVs: have we been here before? MSJ 18(12) 1670-1672].

αB-crystallin is a target for adaptive immune responses and a trigger of innate responses in preactive multiple sclerosis lesions

We present the first comparative analysis of serum immunoglobulinG reactivity profiles against the full spectrum of human myelin-associated proteins in multiple sclerosis patients and healthy control subjects. In both groups, serum antibodies display a consistent and prominent reaction to αB-crystallin (CRYAB) versus other myelin proteins. As an...

An automated day-time cloud detection technique applied to MSG-SEVIRI data over Western Europe

Since February 2003, the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) aboard the first Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellite has provided radiance data in 12 spectral bands for a full Earth hemisphere every 15 minutes. This high frame rate renders it an excellent tool for studies of atmospheric transport of pollutants, aerosol and...

Real-Time Physiological and Psycho-Physiological Status Monitoring

Dismounted warfighting groups are increasingly recognizing the benefits of knowing the medical status information that body-worn computerized physiological sensor systems can provide. This report on real-time physiological and psycho-physiological status monitoring reviews: a) Physiological monitoring system architectures, methods for managing...

Olympisch TNO: TNO programmering Olympisch Plan 2028

Inspired Carbon Dioxide During Hypoxia: Effects on Task Performance and Cerebral Oxygen Saturation

Introduction: Exposure to a hypoxic environment has a deleterious effect on physiological and mental functions. We studied the effect of added inspired CO2 during artificially induced hypoxic normobaric hypoxia (oxygen saturation ∼80%) on complex task performance. Methods: In random order, 22 healthy volunteers were exposed to 3 gas mixtures for...

Acetazolamide improves cerebral oxygenation during exercise at high altitude

Acute mountain sickness is thought to be triggered by cerebral hypoxemia and be prevented by acetazolamide (Actz). The effect of Actz on cerebral oxygenation at altitude remains unknown. In 16 members of the 2005 Dutch Cho Oyu (8201 m, Tibet) expedition, the influence of Actz and exercise (750 mg PO daily) on heart rate, peripheral and regional...

Preventie van slaapgebrek en vermoeidheid

Korte schets van de bijdrage aan het Europese Fit-to Fly project ( Early Warning Systems sensoren) van TNO Defensie en Veiligheid en hun eigen onderzoek naar fase-verschuiving van de slaap en strategisch gedoseerde slaapperioden. De eisen die een missie aan het personeel stelt, de verstoring van het biologische lichaamsritme en matige...

Efficacy of modafinil and caffeine to counteract hypnotic induced sleepiness during sustained operations

Introduction: During sustained operations, a combined use of a hypnotic to induce sleep under difficult circumstances and a psychostimulant to improve performance and alertness during night-shift work or after sleep deprivation may be necessary. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of modafinil and caffeine as countermeasures to...