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van Harten, G. (author), Snik, F. (author), Rietjens, J.H.H. (author), Smit, J.M. (author), de Boer, J. (author), Diamantopoulou, R. (author), Hasekamp, O.P. (author), Stam, D.M. (author), Keller, C.U. (author), Laan, E.C. (author), Verlaan, A.L. (author), Vliegenthart, W.A. (author), ter Horst, R. (author), Navarro, R. (author), Wielinga, K. (author), Hannemann, S. (author), Moon, S.G. (author), Voors, R. (author)We present the Spectropolarimeter for Planetary EXploration (SPEX), a high-accuracy linear spectropolarimeter measuring from 400 to 800 nm (with 2 nm intensity resolution), that is compact (~ 1 liter), robust and lightweight. This is achieved by employing the unconventional spectral polarization modulation technique, optimized for linear...conference paper 2011
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Voors, R. (author), Moon, S.G. (author), Hannemann, S. (author), Rietjens, J.H.H. (author), van Harten, G. (author), Snik, F. (author), Smit, M. (author), Stam, D.M. (author), Keller, C.U. (author), Laan, E.C. (author), Verlaan, A.L. (author), Vliegenthart, W.A. (author), ter Horst, R. (author), Navarro, R. (author), Wielinga, K. (author)SPEX (Spectropolarimeter for Planetary Exploration) was developed in close cooperation between scientific institutes and space technological industries in the Netherlands. It is used for measuring microphysical properties of aerosols and cloud particles in planetary atmospheres. SPEX utilizes a number of novel ideas. The key feature is that full...conference paper 2011
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Rieetjens, J.H.H. (author), Snik, F. (author), Stam, D.M. (author), Smit, J.M. (author), van Harten, G. (author), Keller, C.U. (author), Verlaan, A.L. (author), Laan, E.C. (author), ter Horst, R. (author), Navarro, R. (author), Wielinga, K. (author), Moon, S.G. (author), Voors, R. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)We present SPEX, the Spectropolarimeter for Planetary Exploration, which is a compact, robust and low-mass spectropolarimeter designed to operate from an orbiting or in situ platform. Its purpose is to simultaneously measure the radiance and the state (degree and angle) of linear polarization of sunlight that has been scattered in a planetary...conference paper 2010
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Snik, F. (author), Rietjens, J.H.H. (author), van Harten, G. (author), Stam, D.M. (author), Keller, C.U. (author), Smit, J.M. (author), Laan, E.C. (author), Verlaan, A.L. (author), ter Horst, R. (author), Navarro, R. (author), Wielinga, K. (author), Moon, S.G. (author), Voors, R. (author)SPEX (Spectropolarimeter for Planetary EXploration) is an innovative, compact instrument for spectropolarimetry, and in particular for detecting and characterizing aerosols in planetary atmospheres. With its ∼1-liter volume it is capable of full linear spectropolarimetry, without moving parts. The degree and angle of linear polarization of the...conference paper 2010
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Laan, E.C. (author), Volten, H. (author), Stam, D.M. (author), Muñoz, O. (author), Hovenier, J.W. (author), Roush, T.L. (author), TNO Industrie en Techniek (author)We present measurements of ratios of elements of the scattering matrix of martian analogue palagonite particles for scattering angles ranging from 3° to 174° and a wavelength of 632.8 nm. To facilitate the use of these measurements in radiative transfer calculations we have devised a method that enables us to obtain, from these measurements, a...article 2009