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Slooff, L.H. (author), Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (author)PV systems have a significantly lower output under partial shading conditions. A shadow of 1% on a module can drop its output by 30%. This hampers application in the built environment, where shade is often present. The current state-of-the-art to tackle this problem is either adding electronics to the system, or re-designing the module to make...report 2016
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Slooff, L.H. (author), Verkuilen, S. (author), de Jong, M.M. (author), van den Donker, M.N. (author), Kanellis, M. (author), Debije, M.G. (author), Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (author)Two modular noise barrier test setups containing photovoltaic modules have been installed in the Netherlands, one in a North/South orientation, and the other in East/West orientation. Both setups contain one set of mono-facial c-Si panels, one set of bi-facial c-Si panels and two luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) panels, one red and one...conference paper 2016
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Tool, C.J.J. (author), Späth, M. (author), Broek, K.M. (author), Kossen, E.J. (author), Koppes, M. (author), Gutjahr, A. (author), Geerligs, L.J. (author), Slooff, L.H. (author), Romijn, I.G. (author), Jingfeng, Xiong (author), Zhiyan, Hu (author), Gaofei, Li (author), Guillevin, N. (author), van Aken, B.B. (author), Bende, E.E. (author), Bennett, I.J. (author), Jianming, Wang (author), Ziqian, Wang (author), Anker, J. (author), Bo, Yu (author), Shuquan, Tian (author), Zhiliang, Wan (author), Okel, L.A.G. (author), Zhai, jiny. (author), Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (author)We report on our high efficiency n-type metal-wrap-through (MWT) cell and module technology. In this work, bifacial n-type MWT cells are produced by industrial processes in industrial full-scale and pilot-scale process equipment. The n-type cells benefit from high recombination lifetime in the wafer and bifaciality. When combined with MWT...conference paper 2014
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Galagan, Y.O. (author), Coenen, E.W.C. (author), Zimmermann, B. (author), Slooff, L.H. (author), Verhees, W.J.H. (author), Veenstra, S.C. (author), Kroon, J.M. (author), Jørgensen, M. (author), Krebs, F.C. (author), Andriessen, H.A.J.M. (author)Indium-tin-oxide-free (ITO-free) polymer solar cells with composite electrodes containing current-collecting grids and a semitransparent poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) conductor are demonstrated. The up-scaling of the length of the solar cell from 1 to 6 cm and the effect of the grid line resistance are...article 2014
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Slooff, L.H. (author), Veenstra, S.C. (author), Kroon, J.M. (author), Verhees, W. (author), Koster, L.J.A. (author), Galagan, Y. (author)Solar cells are generally optimised for operation under AM1.5 100 mW cm-2 conditions. This is also typically done for polymer solar cells. However, one of the entry markets for this emerging technology is portable electronics. For this market, the spectral shape and intensity of typical illumination conditions deviate considerably from the...article 2014
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Brabec, C.J. (author), Slooff, L.H. (author), Veenstra, S.C. (author), Wienke, M.M. (author), Etxebarria, I. (author), Furlan, A. (author), Ajuria, J. (author), Fecher, F.W. (author), Voigt, M. (author), Gilot, J. (author), Pacios, R. (author)Tandem solar cells are the best approach to maximize the light harvesting and adjust the overall absorption of the cell to the solar irradiance spectrum. Usually, the front and back subcells are connected in series in two-terminal device (2T) designs which require a current matching between both subcells in order to avoid potential losses....article 2014
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Slooff, L.H. (author), Loffler, J. (author), Bosman, J. (author), Budel, T. (author), Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (author)A finite element electrical model is described that can be used to calculate the performance of monolithic thin film photovoltaic modules. The model is suitable for all type of thin film modules, like e.g. p-i-n a-Si:H, CIGS and polymer based modules and it includes losses due to interconnection. Using this model a parameter study is performed...conference paper 2013
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Burgers, A.R. (author), Kroon, J.M. (author), Slooff, L.H. (author), Veenstra, S.C. (author), Bende, E.E. (author), Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (author)Polymer solar cells may be applied in portable electronic devices, where light intensity and spectral distribution of the illuminating source can be very different compared to outdoor applications. As the power output of solar cells depends on temperature, light intensity and spectrum, the design of the module must be optimized for the specific...conference paper 2013
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Kroon, J.M. (author), Bende, E.E. (author), Verhees, W.J.H. (author), Slooff, L.H. (author), Veenstra, S.C. (author), Cobussen - Pool, E.M. (author), Brockholz, B. (author)Polymer solar cells offer a promising low cost alternative in photovoltaics if the expensive ITO electrode can be omitted. Recently an alternative based on highly conductive PEDOT:PSS in combination with current collecting grids was developed.1 Electrical modeling is carried out to optimize the grid pattern in these polymer solar cells. The...article 2013
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Janssen, G.J.M. (author), Slooff, L.H. (author), Bende, E.E. (author), Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (author)The performance of thin-film CIGS modules is often limited due to inhomogeneities in CIGS layers. A 2-dimensional Finite Element Model for CIGS modules is presented that predicts the impact of such inhomogeneities on the module performance. Results are presented of a module with a region of poor diode characteristics. It is concluded that...conference paper 2012
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Janssen, G.J.M. (author), Slooff, L.H. (author), Bende, E.E. (author), Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (author)The performance of thin-film CIGS modules is often limited due to inhomogeneities in CIGS layers. A 2-dimensional Finite Element Model for CIGS modules is demonstrated that predicts the impact of such inhomogeneities on the module performance. Results are presented of a module with a region of poor diode characteristics. It is concluded that...conference paper 2012
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Galagan, Y.O. (author), Zimmermann, B. (author), Coenen, E.W.C. (author), Jorgensen, M. (author), Tanenbaum, D.M. (author), Krebs, F.C. (author), Gorter, H. (author), Sabik, S. (author), Slooff, L.H. (author), Veenstra, S.C. (author), Kroon, J.M. (author), Andriessen, H.A.J.M. (author)Indium-tin-oxide (ITO) free polymer solar cells prepared by ink jet printing a composite front electrode comprising silver grid lines and a semitransparent PEDOT:PSS conductor are demonstrated. The effect of grid line density is explored for a large series of devices and a careful modeling study enabling the identification of the most rational...article 2012
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Soppe, W.J. (author), Slooff, L.H. (author), Rubingh, E. (author), Furthner, F. (author), Schoonderbeek, A. (author), Wipliez, L. (author), Loffler, J. (author), Heijna, M. (author), de Keijzer, M.A. (author), Bosman, J. (author), Kruijt, P.G.M. (author), Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (author)Generic processes such as depth-selective laser scribing and the printing of insulating and conductive tracks that can be cured at low temperature, are a key requirement to enable cost efficient production of advanced thin-film PV concepts. In contrast to TCO glass based superstrate device concepts, no standard laser scribing processes and...conference paper 2011
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Kroon, J.M. (author), Verhees, W.J.H. (author), Slooff, L.H. (author), Veenstra, S.C. (author), Andriessen, R. (author), Grossiord, N. (author), Galagan, Y. (author), Blom, P. (author), Budel, T. (author), Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (author)To reduce the costs of polymer solar cells it is important to develop a fully solution processed route. Although several successful generic routes to solution processed hole collecting electrodes have been shown, this is not the case for the electron collecting electrode of polymers cells, as it is hard to find a solution processable low...conference paper 2011
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Soppe, W.J. (author), Slooff, L.H. (author), Rubingh, E. (author), Furthner, F. (author), Schoonderbeek, A. (author), Stute, U. (author), Wipliez, L. (author), Loffler, J. (author), Heijna, M. (author), de Keijzer, M.A. (author), Bosman, J. (author), Kruijt, P.G.M. (author), Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (author)Roll-to-roll production of thin-film photovoltaic (PV) solar cells and modules is expected to substantially decrease the manufacturing costs, and thus enable a breakthrough in the price of solar electricity per kWh. Generic processes such as depth-selective laser scribing and the printing of insulating and conductive tracks curable at low...conference paper 2011
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Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (author), Pex, P.P.A.C. (author), Kroon, J.M. (author), Verhees, W.J.H. (author), Blom, P.W.M. (author), Slooff, L.H. (author), Veenstra, S.C. (author), Andriessen, R. (author), Grossiord, N. (author), Rubingh, E. (author), Galagan, Y. (author)The presence of a transparent conductive electrode such as indium tin oxide (ITO) limits the reliability and cost price of organic photovoltaic devices as it is brittle and expensive. Moreover, the relative high sheet resistance of an ITO electrode on flexible substrates limits the maximum width of a single cell. Holst Centre and ECN have...conference paper 2010
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Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (author), Kroon, J.M. (author), Lenzmann, F.O. (author), Verhees, W.J.H. (author), Slooff, L.H. (author), Veenstra, S.C. (author), Cobussen - Pool, E.M. (author), Sessolo, M. (author), Bolink, H.J. (author)The inclusion of metal-oxide layers in polymer solar cells enables the fabrication of a series of unconventional device architectures. These devices include: semi-transparent polymer solar cells, devices with inverted polarity, as well as devices with air stable electrodes. A proof-of-principle of these devices is presented. The anticipated...conference paper 2009
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Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (author), Slooff, L.H. (author), Budel, T. (author), Bende, E.E. (author)Apart from costs, one of the keys to the market introduction of the fluorescent solar concentrator (FSC) is its outdoor lifetime, which up to now, is limited a few years by the lifetime of the fluorescent dye or quantum dot. This study shows that omitting the dye or quantum dot still can give power conversion efficiencies (PCE), which are...conference paper 2009
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Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (author), Burgers, A.R. (author), van Sark, W.G.J.H.M. (author), Slooff, L.H. (author), Bende, E.E. (author), Kennedy, M. (author)The Fluorescent Solar Concentrator (FSC) is a polymer plate that contains a fluorescent species and that has photovoltaic (PV) cells attached to its small sides. Light that impinges on the plate is absorbed and subsequently emitted by the fluorescent material. Part of the emitted light is subject to total internal reflection and eventually...conference paper 2008
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Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (author), Kroon, J.M. (author), Slooff, L.H. (author), Veenstra, S.C. (author), Eerenstein, W. (author), Bohme, S. (author), Voroshazi, E. (author)We discuss the materials challenges for increasing cell efficiencies of polymer solar cells via the route of stacking several cells on top of each other in multi-junction solar cells. For such cells, the recombination layer between the two sub cells is crucial. Typically, the recombination layer consists of a semi-transparent n- and p-type...conference paper 2008