Safe innovation approach: Towards an agile system for dealing with innovations

Nanotechnologies are characterized by a growing legacy of already marketed and novel manufactured nanomaterials (MNMs) and nano-enabled products with a lack of a coherent risk governance system to address their safety effectively. In response to this situation, a proactive system is needed to minimize the gap between the pace of innovation and...

Risk analysis and technology assessment in support of technology development Putting responsible innovation in practice in a case study for nanotechnology

Governments invest in “key enabling technologies,” such as nanotechnology, to solve societal challenges and boost the economy. At the same time, governmental agencies demand risk reduction to prohibit any often unknown adverse effects, and industrial parties demand smart approaches to reduce uncertainties. Responsible research and innovation ...

Comparison of five in vitro digestion models to in vivo experimental results: Lead bioaccessibility in the human gastrointestinal tract

This paper presents a multi-laboratory comparison study of in vitro models assessing bioaccessibility of soil-bound lead in the human gastrointestinal tract under simulated fasted and fed conditions. Oral bioavailability data from a previous human in vivo study on the same soil served as a reference point. In general, the bioaccessible lead...

In vitro intestinal lead uptake and transport in relation to speciation

Children might be exposed substantially to contaminants such as lead via soil ingestion. In risk assessment of soil contaminants there is a need for information on oral bioavailability of soilborne lead. Oral bioavailability can be seen as the result of four steps: (1) soil ingestion; (2) mobilization from soil during digestion, i.e.,...

Comparison of five in vitro digestion models to study the bioaccessibility of soil contaminants

Availability of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and lindane uptake by intestinal caco-2 cells

Mobilization of PCBs and lindane from soil during in vitro digestion and their distribution among bile salt micelles and proteins of human digestive fluid and the soil

Children can take up contaminated soil via hand-to-mouth behavior. The contaminants can be mobilized from the soil by digestive juices and thus become available for intestinal absorption (i.e. become bioaccessible). In the present study components of an in vitro digestion model were varied to study their effect on the mobilization of several...