Effect of Tampering on On-Road and Off-Road Diesel Vehicle Emissions

Illegal manipulation (i.e., tampering) of vehicles is a severe problem because vehicle emissions increase orders of magnitude and significantly impact the environment and human health. This study measured the emissions before and after representative approaches of tampering of two Euro 6 Diesel light-duty passenger cars, two Euro VI Diesel heavy...

Particulates and noise exposure during bicycle, bus and car commuting: A study in three European cities

Background: In order to curb traffic-related air pollution and its impact on the physical environment, contemporary city commuters are encouraged to shift from private car use to active or public transport modes. However, personal exposures to particulate matter (PM), black carbon and noise during commuting may be substantial. Therefore, studies...

Evaluation of the performance of four chemical transport models in predicting the aerosol chemical composition in Europe in 2005

Four regional chemistry transport models were applied to simulate the concentration and composition of particulate matter (PM) in Europe for 2005 with horizontal resolution 20 km. The modelled concentrations were compared with the measurements of PM chemical composition by the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) monitoring...

Modelling the dispersion of particle numbers in five European cities

We present an overview of the modelling of particle number concentrations (PNCs) in five major European cities, namely Helsinki, Oslo, London, Rotterdam and Athens in 2008. Novel emission inventories of particle numbers have been compiled both on urban and European scales. We used atmospheric dispersion modelling for PNCs in the five target...

Noise exposure during commuting in three European cities

In the TRANSPHORM study, noise exposures during commuting were measured. Measurements were performed with noise dosimeters in three European cities, Helsinki, Thessaloniki and Rotterdam, during spring 2011. ln each city, two to five approximately 8 km commuting routes were selected to represent typical commuting routes of the city population....

Report on fuel consumption meter requirements for LD vehicles

This report deals with the development of requirements for fuel consumption meters as a measure for the reduction of CO2 emissions of light-duty vehicles. The work is done for the European Commission, DG Enterprise and Industry for specific contract SI2.629009, “Development of a complete test procedure for fuel consumption meters in light-duty...

The study of traffic hotspot air quality and street scale modelling in the Street Emission Ceilings (SEC) Project

The introduction of local scale analysis in Integrated Assessment Modelling (IAM) requires an evaluation of road transport emission factors and local scale air quality models. The comparison of PM10 and PM2.5 over NOx delta (street level minus background) concentration ratios against emission ratio estimates, confirms the appropriateness of the...

Accuracy of exhaust emission factor measurements on chassis dynamometer

The influence of 20 parameters on the measurement of light-vehicle emission factors on chassis dynamometer based on driving patterns, vehicle-related parameters, vehicle sampling, and laboratory-related parameters, was studied. The results were based on literature synthesis, ≈ 2700 specific tests with 183 vehicles, and the reprocessing of > 900...

Use of a vehicle-modelling tool for predicting CO2 emissions in the framework of European regulations for light goods vehicles

The reduction of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption from road transportation constitutes an important pillar of the EU commitment for implementing the Kyoto Protocol. Efforts to monitor and limit CO2 emissions from vehicles can effectively be supported by the use of vehicle modelling tools. This paper presents the application of such a tool for...

Particulate matter regulation for two-stroke two wheelers: Necessity or haphazard legislation?

Although interest in particulate emissions has increased considerably during recent years, the subject of particulate matter (PM) emissions from small two-stroke engines used in road vehicles is still largely unexplored. This paper presents the results of an investigation, which examined the typical emission level and the typical characteristics...

PM regulation for 2-stroke two-wheelers: Necessity or haphazard legislation

Alternative short tests for inspection and maintenance of in-use cars with respect to their emissions performance

This paper presents the first results of a project aimed at evaluation of a number of short tests that can be alternatively used for Inspection and Maintenance of in-use cars emissions performance. For this purpose, a large number of in-use cars from four European countries was tested according to a test protocol that included a wide selection...