A risk-based multi-level stress test methodology: Application to six critical non-nuclear infrastructures in Europe

Recent natural disasters that seriously affected critical infrastructure (CI) with significant socio-economic losses and impact revealed the need for the development of reliable methodologies for vulnerability and risk assessment. In this paper, a risk-based multi-level stress test method that has been recently proposed, aimed at enhancing...

Case Study Application III: RISKCURVES

This chapter discusses the application of TNO's software packages RISKCURVES and EFFECTS in the quantitative Natech risk analysis of a refinery located on the Mediterranean coast. In addition to conventional industrial accident scenarios that could lead to a release of dangerous substances, the impact of two natural hazards (earthquake and...

International ring trial of the epidermal equivalent sensitizer potency assay: Reproducibility and predictive-capacity

This study describes the international ring trial of the epidermal-equivalent (EE) sensitizer potency assay. This assay does not distinguish a sensitizer from a non-sensitizer, but may classify known skin sensitizers according to their potency. It assesses the chemical concentration resulting in 50% cytotoxicity (EE-EC50) or the 2-fold increase...

Transfer of a two-tiered keratinocyte assay: IL-18 production by NCTC2544 to determine the skin sensitizing capacity and epidermal equivalent assay to determine sensitizer potency

At present, the identification of potentially sensitizing chemicals is carried out using animal models. However, it is very important from ethical, safety and economic point of view to have biological markers to discriminate allergy and irritation events, and to be able to classify sensitizers according to their potency, without the use of...

Quantification of the number of injured people due to hazardous material accidents

Accidents with hazardous materials may threaten the lives of people living in the direct environment of the transportation infrastructure. In many countries, fire brigades play a major role in advising the authorities when they are dealing with issues where hazardous materials are involved. Since emergency responders have to deal with injured...

Experimental and analytical investigation of thermal coating effectiveness for 3 m3 LPG tanks engulfed by fire

Two large-scale diesel pool fire engulfment tests were carried out on LPG tanks protected with intumescing materials to test the effectiveness of thermal coatings in the prevention of hot BLEVE accidental scenarios in the road and rail transport of LPG. A specific test protocol was defined to enhance reproducibility of experimental tests. The...

Vanzelfsprekend veilig: veilig ondernemen als corebusiness

Bedrijven - de managers - worden gedwongen te focussen op ‘corebusiness’ en ‘added value’. Maar wat betekent dat voor het managen van veiligheid? Onder veiligheid verstaan we niet alleen de grote klappers, maar ook het voorkomen van onnodig letsel binnen het bedrijf. Hoe voorkomen we dat veiligheid een ondergeschoven kindje wordt tussen alle...

A modeling approach to assess the effectiveness of BLEVE prevention measures

Distribution and storage of liquefied pressurised gases is a critical safety issue, often resulting in a very high individual and societal risk, at least in densely populated zones. Several risk assessments pointed out that this is mostly due to the possible occurrence of a Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosions (BLEVE) of the tank that may...

Veilig ondernemen als corebusiness 2003-2006: veiligheid@corebusiness222

Het toenemende verschil in management dat gaat over het nemen van risico’s in een complexe wereld van continue verandering, en veiligheidskunde dat gaat over zekerstellen en controleren, belemmert een optimale aanpak voor ongevallenpreventie. Deze publicatie beschrijft een aanpak om veiligheid meer te laten aansluiten bij de corebusiness. Vijf...

Kwantificering Arbeidsveiligheid Risico’s: rapport van het ontwikkelingstraject van een methode om bedrijfsprocessen te analyseren en risicoscenario’s van af te leiden

Het regelgevings - en handhavingsbeleid van SZW wordt steeds meer risicogedreven. Dat betekent ook meer kwantitatief aansturen van arbobeleid. Vanuit de Arbowet vormen de RI&E met bijbehorend Plan van aanpak (PvA) de basis voor het arbobeleid cq. arbomanagementsysteem. De kwaliteit van het RI&E-proces bereikt gemiddeld gezien niet het doel wat...

Choosing between organisational & technical safety: a practical approach for industry

For several years it has been tried to make a connection between organisational and technical safety. Researchers have successfully integrated human factors components in accident investigation tools or have developed an elaborate model in which organisational and technical elements are coupled together. These approaches are useful for either...