Head movements while steering around bends

In this study, the determinants of head motions (rotations) when driving around bends were investigated when drivers viewed the scene through a head-mounted display. The scene camera was either fixed or coupled to head motions along 2 or 3 axes of rotation. Eight participants drove around a triangular circuit and the range and speed of head...

3-D audio in the fighter cockpit improves task performance

A flight simulator experiment was conducted to explore the benefits of 3-dimensional (3-D) audio to support in-cockpit tasks regarding performance and workload. In half of the conditions, 1 or 2 tasks requiring information from a head-down display (HDD) were supported by 3-D audio. The performance on several tasks improved when 3-D audio was...

Effectiveness of 3-D audio for warnings in the cockpit

We investigated the application of 3-dimensional (3-D) audio for presenting auditory warnings in the cockpit in two simulator experiments. Pilots had to respond to warnings of the Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System and to system malfunction warnings. Visual warning displays were always present. The first experiment showed 12% faster...

Motion sickness when driving with a head-slaved camera system

De publicatie geeft een technische beschrijving van het TNO-TM hoofdvolgend camerasysteem. Daarnaast is een aantal belangrijke parameters gemeten ten aanzien van de relatie tussen bewegingen van het hoofd en de resulterende bewegingen van het cameraplatform.

Augmenting camera images for operators of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

The manual control of the camera of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) can be difficult due to several factors such as 1) time delays between steering input and changes of the monitor content, 2) low update rates of the camera images and 3) lack of situation awareness due to the remote position of the operator and the small field of view of the...

Tactile torso display as countermeasure to reduce night vision goggles induced drift

The degraded visual infoflllation when hovering with Night Vision Goggles may induce drift that is not noticed by the pilot. We tested the possibilities of counteracting these effects by using a tactile torso display. The display consisted of 64 vibro-tactile elements and presented infoflllation on the desired direction of motion only (simple...

Begrijpelijkheid van verschillende typen dynamische bebording bij tolsysteem Westerscheldetunnel

In opdracht van de N.V. Westerscheldetunnel is TNO Technische Menskunde nagegaan op welke wijze weggebruikers het best geïnformeerd kunnen worden over de indeling van een tolplein. Aangezien de indeling van het tolplein dynamisch is (als het drukker is, zijn er meer poortjes open, soms werkt een bepaald apparaat niet etc.) kan een weggebruiker...

Control performance with three translational degrees of freedom

For multiple DOF systems, it is important to detemine how accurately operators can control each DOF, and what the influence of the perceptual, information processing and psychomotor components on performance is. Sixteen right-handed male students participated in 2 experiments: one involving positioning and one involving tracking with 3...

Driving with head-slaved camera system

In a field experiment, we tested the effectiveness of a head-slaved camera system for driving an armoured vehicle under armour. This system consists of a helmet-mounted display (HMD), a headtracker, and a motion platform with two cameras. Subjects performed several driving tasks on paved and in rough terrain, in four conditions: direct view,...

Effects of 3D sound on visual scanning

An experiment was conducted in a flight simulator to explore the effectiveness of a 3D sound display as support to visual information from a head down display (HDD). Pilots had to perform two main tasks in separate conditions: intercepting and following a target jet. Performance was measured for these tasks and for two secondary tasks....

Human factors issues in UAV platform and sensor control

This paper presents an overview of several studies conducted for the Royal Netherlands Navy on the human-machine interface for steering Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and controlling their remote cameras. While manual control is preferable for specific tasks, the operator misses critical sensory information, such as proprioceptive feedback on...

Interference between 6 degrees of freedom in a 3D hand controller

A six degree of freedom (DOF) hand controller is a device that can be used for the simulta-neous control of multiple axes. Multi-axis control may be problematic as a consequence of interference i.e., the control of a certain DOF affects the simultaneous control of another. This was investigated in an experiment in which a compensatory tracking...

Control-Display mapping with three translational degrees of freedom

Situations in which the human operator must control three translational degrees of freedom are common in, for example, control of robot arms, remotely controlled cameras, and tele-surgery. Often, the operator has no direct view on the controlled object, but receives information on the motions of the object via a camera-monitor system or a...

Control display mapping in a 3D positioning task

Subjects have certain expectations about the mapping of motion directions of the control device on those of the controlled object on the accompanying display. When the actual mapping is according to this expectation, the relation is compatible. Compared to less compatible or even incompatible relations, less training is required, reaction times...