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Abbel, R.J. (author), van de Peppel, L. (author), Kirchner, G. (author), Michels, J.J. (author), Groen, P. (author), Holst Centre-TNO, Eindhoven, Netherlands Max Plack Institut für Polymerenforschung, Mainz, Germany Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft, The Netherlands (author)Operational lifetime is a critical performance parameter of organic electronic devices and can be cut short by multiple degradation mechanisms. One supposed cause is metal migration between the electrodes, which, however, is difficult to study independently of other failure modes. We present a setup, which excludes such competing processes and...article 2017
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van de Weijer, P. (author), Bouten, P.C.P. (author), Unnikrishnan, S. (author), Akkerman, H.B. (author), Michels, J.J. (author), van Mol, T.M.B. (author)Organic light-emitting diodes degrade rapidly by means of local cathode oxidation when exposed to the ambient atmosphere, resulting in visible non-emissive areas called black spots. High performance inorganic based encapsulations are required to protect the OLED. We have applied a hybrid thin-film encapsulation stack consisting of two inorganic...article 2017
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Oostra, A.J. (author), Reddy, A. (author), Smits, E.C.P. (author), Abbel, R.J. (author), Groen, W.A. (author), Blom, P.W.M. (author), Michels, J.J. (author)A method is presented to self-repair cracks in embedded silver grid structures used in large area organic electronics. The repair procedure is based on electro-deposition, incited by the application of a moderate DC voltage across the crack. During this process the organic anode that is in direct electrical contact with the silver grid,...article 2016
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Pilet, N. (author), Khikhlovskyi, V. (author), van Breemen, A.J.J.M. (author), Michels, J.J. (author), Kemerink, M. (author), Gelinck, G. (author), Warnicke, P. (author), Bernard, L. (author)Organic electronics is becoming more and more important because the low level of fabrication and deposition complexity even at large scale makes it a good candidate for future low cost technological product development. P(VDF-TrFE) is a co-polymer of special interest due its ferroelectric property enabling usage in re-programmable non-volatile...article 2016
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Oostra, A.J. (author), Smits, E.C.P. (author), de Leeuw, D.M. (author), Blom, P.W.M. (author), Michels, J.J. (author)The operational characteristics of organic solar cells manufactured with large area processing methods suffers from the occurrence of short-circuits due to defects in the photoactive thin film stack. In this work we study the effect of a shunt resistance on an organic solar cell and demonstrate that device performance is not affected negatively...article 2015
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Schaefer, C. (author), van der Schoot, P. (author), Michels, J.J. (author)The morphology of solution-cast, phase-separated polymers becomes finer with increasing solvent evaporation rate. We address this observation theoretically for a model polymer where demixing is induced by steady solvent evaporation. In contrast to what is the case for a classical, thermal quench involving immiscible blends, the spinodal...article 2015
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Oostra, A.J. (author), Blom, P.W.M. (author), Michels, J.J. (author)Defects occurring during printing of the photoactive layer in organic solar cells lead to short-circuits due to direct contact between the PEDOT:PSS anode and metallic cathode. We provide a highly effective repair method where the defected zone with bare PEDOT:PSS is treated with aqueous sodium hypochlorite to locally disrupt the conductivity of...article 2015
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Perrotta, A. (author), García, S.J. (author), Michels, J.J. (author), Andringa, A.M. (author), Creatore, M. (author)Water permeation in inorganic moisture permeation barriers occurs through macroscale defects/pinholes and nanopores, the latter with size approaching the water kinetic diameter (0.27 nm). Both permeation paths can be identified by the calcium test, i.e., a time-consuming and expensive optical method for determining the water vapor transmission...article 2015
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Khikhlovskyi, V. (author), van Breemen, A.J.J.M. (author), Michels, J.J. (author), Janssen, R.A.J. (author), Gelinck, G.H. (author), Kemerink, M. (author)In many organic electronic devices functionality is achieved by blending two or more materials, typically polymers or molecules, with distinctly different optical or electrical properties in a single film. The local scale morphology of such blends is vital for the device performance. Here, a simple approach to study the full 3D morphology of...article 2015
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Jolt Oostra, A. (author), Blom, P.W.M. (author), Michels, J.J. (author)Pinholes in the emitting layer of an organic light emitting diode (OLED), e.g. induced by particle contamination or processing flaws, lead to direct contact between the hole-injection layer (HIL) and the cathode. The resulting short circuits give rise to catastrophic device failure. We demonstrate that these short circuits can be effectively...article 2014
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Van Assche, F.J.H. (author), Unnikrishnan, S. (author), Michels, J.J. (author), van Mol, A.M.B. (author), van de Weijer, P. (author), van de Sanden, M.C.M. (author), Creatore, M. (author)We report on a low substrate temperature (110°C) remote microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process of silicon nitride barrier layers against moisture permeation for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and other moisture sensitive devices such as organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs). Specifically, the influence of the SiH4...article 2014
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Teunissen, P. (author), Abbel, R.J. (author), Michels, J.J. (author), Groen, P. (author)Electrically conductive structures comprising both narrow line widths and high aspect ratios are indispensable components of many electronic devices. Producing them reliably on an industrial scale by inkjet printing of metal-based inks is a serious challenge. Firstly, due to spreading of the ink on the substrate, widths of 30 microns are...conference paper 2014
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Michels, J.J. (author), Peter, M. (author), Salem, A. (author), van Remoortere, B. (author), van den Brand, J. (author)This paper presents a thorough experimental and theoretical analysis of a model system for the mechanism of cathode degradation in OLED and OPV devices due to lateral side ingress of water vapour into laminated thin film barrier structures. The experimental procedure allows for full quantitative control over layer dimensions of the laminate, as...article 2014
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Michels, J.J. (author), Moons, E. (author)The formation of the surface-induced stratified lamellar composition profile experimentally evidenced in spincoated layers of the photovoltaic donor-acceptor blend consisting of poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-5,5- (4′,7′-di-2-thienyl-2′,1′,3′-benzothiadiazole]/ phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (APFO-3/PCBM), as processed from...article 2013
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Oostra, A.J. (author), van den Bos, K.H.W. (author), Blom, P.W.M. (author), Michels, J.J. (author)The effect of hypochlorite treatment on the layer thickness and conductivity of a state-of-the-art high conducting poly(3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is investigated as a function of exposure time and hypochlorite concentration. Because of overoxidation by the hypochlorite the PEDOT:PSS conductivity is...article 2013
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Mouhib, T. (author), Poleunis, C. (author), Wehbe, N. (author), Michels, J.J. (author), Galagan, Y. (author), Houssiau, L. (author), Bertrand, P. (author), Delcorte, A. (author)With the recent developments in secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), it is now possible to obtain molecular depth profiles and 3D molecular images of organic thin films, i.e. SIMS depth profiles where the molecular information of the mass spectrum is retained through the sputtering of the sample. Several approaches have been proposed for ...article 2013
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Kouijzer, S. (author), Michels, J.J. (author), van den Berg, M. (author), Gevaerts, V.S. (author), Turbiez, M. (author), Wienk, M.M. (author), Janssen, R.A.J. (author)The performance of solution processed polymer:fullerene thin film photovoltaic cells is largely determined by the nanoscopic and mesoscopic morphology of these blends that is formed during the drying of the layer. Although blend morphologies have been studied in detail using a variety of microscopic, spectroscopic, and scattering techniques and...article 2013
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Andoni, A. (author), Michels, J.J. (author), Kokalari, E. (author), Taraj, K. (author), Como, A. (author)Some acrylate monomers have been synthesized and copolymerized by means of free radical polymerization with methyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate. These monomers are known to introduce the desired functionality and tune the properties of the resulting polymer. The synthesized monomers and the polymers have been characterized with NMR...article 2013
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Vieyra Salas, J.A. (author), van der Veen, J.M. (author), Michels, J.J. (author), Darhuber, A.A. (author)We designed and built a highly adaptive and flexible system based on modulated infrared irradiation for the active control of evaporative material deposition suitable for solution processing of organic electronic materials. We performed systematic experiments using thick layers of a high molecular weight aqueous dispersion of poly(3,4-ethylene...article 2012
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Li, M. (author), Stingelin, N. (author), Michels, J.J. (author), Spijkman, M.-J. (author), Asadi, K. (author), Beerends, R. (author), Biscarini, F. (author), Blom, P.W.M. (author), de Leeuw, D.M. (author)The processing of solution-based binary blends of the ferroelectric random copolymer poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) P(VDF-TrFE) and the semiconducting polymer poly(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) (PFO) applied by spin-coating and wire-bar coating is investigated. By systematic variation of blend composition, solvent, and deposition...article 2012
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