Beneficial effects of TCP on soman intoxication in guinea pigs: Seizures, brain damage and learning behaviour

Poisoning with the potent nerve agent soman produces a cascade of central nervous system (CNS) effects characterized by severe convulsions and eventually death. In animals that survive a soman intoxication, lesions in the amygdala, piriform cortex, hippocampus and thalamus can be observed. In order to examine the mechanisms involved in the...

Subchronic physostigmine pretreatment in guinea pigs: Effective against soman and without side effects

The behavioral and neurophysiological effects of the subchronically administered cholinesterase-inhibitor physostigmine (PHY) (0.025 mg/kg/h) either with or without the muscarinergic antagonist scopolamine (SCO) (0.018 mg/kg/h) were determined in guinea pigs. In contrast to a single injection of PHY, subchronic application by osmotic minipumps...

Comparison of the therapeutic effects and pharmacokinetics of HI-6, HLö-7, HGG-12, HGG-42 and obidoxime following non-reactivatable acetylcholinesterase inhibition in rats

Non-reactivating effects of HI-6 on hippocampal neurotransmission

Comparison of the therapeutic effects and pharmacokinetics of HI-6, HLÖ-7, HGG-12, HGG-42 and obidoxime following non-reactivatable acetylcholinesterase-inhibition in rats

Efficacy of HI-6 and HLÖ-7 in preventing incapacitation following nerve agent poisoning

The therapeutic efficacy of the oximes HI-6 and HLo-7 (132.5 μmol/kg), in combination with atropine, in soman- or tabun-intoxicated guinea pigs was compared, particularly with respect to recovery of shuttlebox performance and electroencephalograms (EEGs). After 1.5 x LD50 soman SC, therapy with HI-6 or HLo-7 resulted in survival of 87.5% of the...

Comparison of the therapeutic effects and pharmacokinetics of HI-6, HLo-7, HGG-12, HGG-42 and obidoxime following non-reactivatable acetylcholinesterase inhibition in rats

The oximes HI-6, HLo-7, HGG-12, HGG-42 and obidoxime were used in a previously developed rat model to evaluate the therapeutic effects of oximes other than acetylcholinesterase (AChE) reactivation (so-called 'nonreactivating effects'). To test this anaesthetized, atropinized and artificially ventilated rats (n = 8 or 16) were poisoned with a...

Behavioral performance, brain histology, and EEG sequela after immediate combined atropine/diazepam treatment of soman-intoxicated rats

It is known that rats poisoned with near-lethal doses of pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate (soman) develop brain lesions, particularly when convulsions are induced. When rats were intoxicated with a LD50 of soman and treated immediately thereafter with a combination of low doses of atropine and diazepam (LOW AS/DZ treatment), large decrements...

Active avoidance behavior in guinea pigs: Effects of physostigmine and scopolamine

Behavioral training of guinea pigs by conventional methods, such as used for rats and mice, appears difficult. Hence, only a few behavioral experiments with guinea pigs have been described in the literature. An active avoidance technique in an automated two-way shuttlebox is described using sound as a conditioned (CS) and a tactile stimulus (a...

Therapy of organophosphate poisoning in the rat by direct effects of oximes unrelated to ChE reactivation

Isolated rat diaphragm preparations treated with soman or with the irreversible and oxime resistant cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitor S27 (see Compounds) showed a considerable recovery of neuromuscular transmission (NMT) during incubation with the (bis)pyridinium oximes HI-6, HGG-12, P2S and obidoxime. In the soman-treated preparations this NMT...