Genetic analysis of indicators of cholesterol synthesis and absorption: Lathosterol and phytosterols in Dutch twins and their parents

Significant familial aggregation was observed for plasma levels of lathosterol (an indicator of whole-body cholesterol synthesis) and plant sterols campesterol and β-sitosterol (indicators of cholesterol absorption) in 160 Dutch families consisting of adolescent mono- and dizygotic twin pairs and their parents. For lathosterol a moderate genetic...

Expression of type III hyperlipoproteinemia in apolipoprotein E2 (Arg158→Cys) homozygotes is associated with hyperinsulinemia

Type III hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) is mainly found in homozygous carriers of apolipoprotein E2 (apoE2, Arg158→Cys). Only a small percentage (<5%) of these apoE2 homozygotes develops hyperlipidemia, indicating that additional environmental and genetic factors contribute to the expression of type III HLP. In the present study, first, the...

Normal oxidative stress and enhanced lipoprotein resistance to in vitro oxidation in hypertriglyceridemia Effects of bezafibrate therapy

Although there is evidence that hyperlipidemia and predominance of small dense low density lipoproteins (LDLs) are associated with increased oxidative stress, the oxidation status in patients with hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) has not been studied in detail. Therefore, we studied urinary levels of F2-isoprostanes (8-isoprostaglandin F(2α) and 2,3...

Effect of apolipoprotein E variants on lipolysis of very low density lipoproteins by heparan sulphate proteoglycan-bound lipoprotein lipase

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is bound to heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPG) at the luminal surface of endothelium. It is the key enzyme involved in the hydrolysis of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). Prior to lipolysis by LPL, the lipoproteins are considered to interact with vessel wall HSPG. Apolipoprotein (apo) E is thought to mediate this...

Effect of 17β-estradiol on plasma lipids and LDL oxidation in postmenopausal women with type II diabetes mellitus

In type II diabetes mellitus the altered hormonal state after menopause may represent an additional cardiovascular risk factor. Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) is associated with a decreased cardiovascular risk, at least in nondiabetic post-menopausal women. We studied the effect of ERT on plasma lipids and lipoproteins and on LDL oxidation...

Effect of apolipoprotein E and insulin resistance on VLDL particles in combined hyperlipidemic patients

Apolipoprotein (ape) E2 and high insulin levels are associated with the severity of hypertriglyceridemia in patients with combined hyperlipidemia. To study how these determinants affect very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) in combined hyperlipidemic patients, we characterized VLDL particles in 106 unrelated patients with combined hyperlipidemia....

Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia associated with apolipoprotein E3-Leiden in an extended multigeneration pedigree

By the careful screening of familial dysbetalipoproteinemic (FD) patients, five probands showing heterozygosity for the APOE*3-Leiden allele were found. Genealogical studies revealed that these probands share common ancestry in the 17th century. In a group of 128 family members, spanning three generations, 37 additional heterozygous APOE*3...

Response of fibrinolytic activity and factor VIII-related antigen to stimulation with desmopressin in hyperlipoproteinemia

Impairment of fibrinolysis is supposed to contribute to CVD. In 38 hyperlipoproteinemic patients, known to be at risk for early CVD, fibrinolytic activity was measured before and after stimulation with DDAVP. A negative correlation was found between serum triglyceride levels and fibrinolytic activity, both before and after DDAVP. A subnormal...