document

Kan (lichamelijk) medisch onderzoek uitwijzen of een bepaald effect op de gezondheid gerelateerd is aan de blootstelling aan hexamethyleendiisocyanaat (HDI)

Kroese, E.D. (author), Leeman, W.R. (author), Buist, H.E. (author)

Deze rapportage betreft de beantwoording van de vraag “Kan (lichamelijk) medisch onderzoek uitwijzen of een bepaald effect op de gezondheid gerelateerd is aan de blootstelling aan HDI?”. De effecten waar het in dit rapport om gaat komen uit het deelproject “Nadelige gezondheidseffecten en ziekten veroorzaakt door blootstelling aan...

report 2020

document

Regelgeving en arbeidsomstandigheden: algemene vragen bij onderzoek naar veiligheid rond HDI

Kroese, E.D. (author), Voogd, E. (author), Kwantes, J.H. (author), Leeman, W.R. (author)

report 2020

document

Regelgeving en arbeidsomstandigheden: algemene vragen bij onderzoek naar veiligheid rond chroom-6 bij het re-integratieproject tROM

Leeman, W.R. (author), Kwantes, J.H. (author), Voogd, E. (author), Kroese, E.D. (author)

report 2018

document

Kan (lichamelijk) medisch onderzoek uitwijzen of een bepaald effect op de gezondheid gerelateerd is aan de blootstelling aan chroom-6

Kroese, E.D. (author), Leeman, W.R. (author)

report 2018

document

Normen en recht op bescherming algemeen

Kroese, E.D. (author), Leeman, W.R. (author), Voogd, E. (author)

report 2018

document

Quantifiable risk–benefit assessment of micronutrients: From theory to practice

Krul, L. (author), Kremer, B.H.A. (author), Lucas Luijckx, N.B. (author), Leeman, W.R. (author)

The EU Food Supplements Directive (2002/46/EC) mandates the determination of both maximum and minimum permitted levels (MPLs) for micronutrients. In order to determine MPLs which are feasible for particular population groups, a scientific approach should be used in which risk of high intake, risk of inadequacy and benefits are assessed in an...

article 2017

document

Kan (lichamelijk) medisch onderzoek uitwijzen of een bepaald effect op de gezondheid gerelateerd is aan de blootstelling aan chroom-6

Kroese, E.D. (author), Leeman, W.R. (author)

In opdracht van het RIVM heeft TNO onderzocht of (lichamelijk) medisch onderzoek kan uitwijzen of een bepaald effect op de gezondheid gerelateerd is aan de blootstelling aan chroom-6.

report 2017

document

Relevance of bioaccumulating substances in the TTC concept

Leeman, W.R. (author), Rouhani-Rankouhi, T. (author), Vogels, J. (author), Krul, L. (author)

Recently, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) stated that the Threshold of Toxicological Concern

article 2016

document

A TTC threshold for acute oral exposure to non-genotoxic substances

Buist, H.E. (author), Krul, L. (author), Leeman, W.R. (author)

To derive an acute TTC threshold, the correlation between Allowable Daily Intakes (ADIs, chronic values) and Acute Reference Doses (ARfDs) of pesticides evaluated in the EU was investigated and their distributions were compared. The correlation between ARfDs and ADIs was significant (p ¼ 0.01), but weak (r2 ¼ 0.051). Consequently, using this...

article 2016

document

A novel safety assessment strategy applied to non-selective extracts

Koster, S. (author), Leeman, W.R. (author), Verheij, E.R. (author), Dutman, A.E. (author), van Stee, L.L.P. (author), Munch Nielsen, L. (author), Ronsmans, S. (author), Noteborn, H. (author), Krul, L. (author)

A main challenge in food safety research is to demonstrate that processing of foodstuffs does not lead to the formation of substances for which the safety upon consumption might be questioned. This is especially so since food is a complex matrix in which the analytical detection of substances, and consequent risk assessment thereof, is difficult...

article 2015

document

Using in vitro/in silico data for consumer safety assessment of feed flavoring additives e A feasibility study using piperine

Thiel, A. (author), Etheve, S. (author), Fabian, E. (author), Leeman, W.R. (author), Plautz, J.R. (author)

Consumer health risk assessment for feed additives is based on the estimated human exposure to the additive that may occur in livestock edible tissues compared to its hazard.We present an approach using alternative methods for consumer health risk assessment. The aim was to use the fewest possible number of animals to estimate its hazard and...

article 2015

document

Non-intentionally added substances in food contact materials: How to ensure consumer safety

Leeman, W.R. (author), Krul, L. (author)

There is growing concern regarding the presence of nonintentionally added substances (NIAS) in food contact materials. These substances cannot be excluded from the food contact materials and end-up in our food. Identification thereof is often difficult or in some cases even not possible, which makes it difficult to evaluate their safety upon...

article 2015

document

Reevaluation of the Munro dataset to derive more specific TTC thresholds

Leeman, W.R. (author), Krul, L. (author), Houben, G.F. (author)

The threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) concept is a risk assessment tool for substances present at low oral exposure and lacking hazard data. In the past, several thresholds were elaborated by Munro et al. (1996) and Kroes et al. (2004). For these TTC thresholds, the Cramer class III threshold is based on a broad spectrum of substances,...

article 2014

document

Complex mixtures: Relevance of combined exposure to substances at low dose levels

Leeman, W.R. (author), Krul, L. (author), Houben, G.F. (author)

Upon analysis of chemically complex food matrices a forest of peaks is likely to be found. Identification of these peaks and concurrent determination of the toxicological relevance upon exposure is very time consuming, expensive and often requires animal studies. Recently, a safety assessment framework based on the Threshold of Toxicological...

article 2013

document

Transfer of chemicals from feed to animal products: The use of transfer factors in risk assessment

Leeman, W.R. (author), van den Berg, K.J. (author), Houben, G.F. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)

The human risk assessment of feed contaminants has often been hampered by a lack of knowledge concerning their behaviour when consumed by livestock. To gain a better understanding of the transfer of contaminants from animal feed to animal products, a meta-analysis of public literature was made. Data concerning feed contaminant concentrations,...

article 2007

document

The introduction of toxicogenomics; potential new markers of hepatotoxicity.

Heijne, W.H. (author), Stierum, R.H. (author), Leeman, W.R. (author), van Ommen, B. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)

article 2005

document

Cryopreservation of precision-cut rat liver slices using a computer-controlled freezer

Maas, W.J.M. (author), Leeman, W.R. (author), Groten, J.P. (author), van de Sandt, J.J.M. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)

Precision-cut liver slices are frequently used to study hepatic toxicity and metabolism of xenobiotics in vitro. Successful cryopreservation techniques will enhance an efficient and economic use of scarcely available (human) liver tissue. For primary hepatocytes, slow freezing has been accepted as the best approach towards successful...

article 2000

document

Short-term tests of estrogenic potential of plant stanols and plant stanol esters

Turnbull, D. (author), Frankos, V.H. (author), Leeman, W.R. (author), Jonker, D. (author)

article 1999

document

L-sorbose but not D-tagatose induces hemolysis of dog erythrocytes in vitro

Bär, A. (author), Leeman, W.R. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)

Previous investigations have demonstrated that L-sorbose induces hemolysis of dog erythrocytes. This effect is probably the consequence of an ATP depletion of the red blood cells subsequent to inhibition of hexokinase, and thus the glycolytic pathway, by sorbose 1-phosphate. In the present study, the susceptibility of dog erythrocytes to D...

article 1999

document

L-Sorbose but not d-tagatose induces hemolysis of dog erythrocytes in vitro

Bär, A. (author), Leeman, W.R. (author)

article 1999