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de Bruin-Hoegée, J.M. (author), Lamriti, L. (author), Langenberg, J.P. (author), Olivier, R.C.M. (author), Chau, L.F. (author), van der Schans, M.J. (author), Noort, D. (author), van Asten, A.C. (author)The continuing threats of military conflicts and terrorism may involve the misuse of chemical weapons. The present study aims to use environmental samples to find evidence of the release of such agents at an incident scene. A novel approach was developed for identifying protein adducts in plants. Basil (Ocimum basilicum), bay laurel leaf (Laurus...article 2023
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- Langenberg, J.P. (author), Johnson, M.S. (author) conference paper 2021
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van Hulst, M. (author), de Klerk, W.P.C. (author), Langenberg, J.P. (author)Assessing the toxicity of munitions constituents and their combustion products during use is challenging, as the reaction products are highly dependent on the conditions of use and the climate. Currently, combustion products can be identified to a certain extent by predictive software and by capturing emissions from live detonations. However,...bookPart 2020
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- van Hulst, M. (author), Groeneveld, F.R. (author), Langenberg, J.P. (author) conference paper 2019
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Bogerd, C.P. (author), Langenberg, J.P. (author), den Hartog, E.A. (author)Armed forces typically have personal protective clothing (PPC) in place to offer protection against chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) agents. The regular soldier is equipped with permeable CBRN-PPC. However, depending on the operational task, these PPCs pose too much thermal strain to the wearer, which results in a higher...article 2018
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Bischoff, L.J.M. (author), Wolters, L. (author), ter Braak, B. (author), Langenberg, J.P. (author), Noort, D. (author), Beltman, J.B. (author), van de Water, B. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)Oxidative stress leads to the activation of the Nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. While most studies have focused on the activation of the Nrf2 pathway after single chemical treatment, little is known about the dynamic regulation of the Nrf2 pathway in the context of repeated exposure scenarios. Here we employed single...article 2018
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Joosen, M.J.A. (author), van den Berg, R.M. (author), de Jong, A.L. (author), van der Schans, M.J. (author), Noort, D. (author), Langenberg, J.P. (author)The main goal of the present study was to obtain insight into depot formation and penetration following percutaneous VX poisoning, in order to identify an appropriate decontamination window that can enhance or support medical countermeasures. The study was executed in two phases, using the hairless guinea pig as an animal model. In the first...article 2017
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van Hulst, M. (author), Langenberg, J.P. (author), de Klerk, W.P.C. (author), Alblas, M.J. (author)The toxicity of smoke-generating ammunition can be established by looking at the complete hand grenade or only at the smoke composition. In this paper both approaches are described. The toxicity of a signalling smoke was assessed as a complete smoke hand grenade whereas for a 76 mm screening smoke canister only a red phosphorus (RP) pellet was...article 2017
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Langenberg, J.P. (author), Polhuijs, M. (author), Sijbranda, T. (author)Participation in military operations is accompanied by health hazards resulting from exposure to chemical substances from natural and anthropogenic sources. Historically, focus on toxicological risks has been on the health effects of exposure to chemical warfare agents (CW A). In recent years the awareness of the importance of health hazards...conference paper 2016
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Langenberg, J.P. (author), van der Schans, M.J. (author), Noort, D. (author)In this chapter an overview is presented on the state of knowledge concerning the toxicokinetics of sulfur mustard. The procedures to analyze intact sulfur mustard in the blood and tissues of laboratory animals at toxicologically relevant levels are discussed. In view of the fact that the reviewed toxicokinetic studies were performed one to...bookPart 2016
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Johnson, D. (author), Carter, M.D. (author), Crow, B.S. (author), Isenberg, S.L. (author), Graham, L.A. (author), Erol, H.A. (author), Watson, C.M. (author), Pantazides, B.G. (author), van der Schans, M.J. (author), Langenberg, J.P. (author), Noort, D. (author), Blake, T.A. (author), Thomas, J.D. (author), Johnson, R.C. (author)Tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (ToCP) is an anti-wear, flame retardant additive used in industrial lubricants, hydraulic fluids and gasoline. The neurotoxic effects of ToCP arise from the liver-activated metabolite 2-(o-cresyl)-4H-1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphoran-2-one (cresyl saligenin phosphate or CBDP), which inhibits esterase enzymes including...article 2015
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Noort, D. (author), Langenberg, J.P. (author), van der Schans, M.J. (author)Dr. Henk P. Benschop was born on September 19, 1939. He started his scientific career at TNO in May 1964, as an alternative for regular military duty. In 1972, he obtained his PhD on the Thesis entitled: Stereochemistry of optically active alkyl alkylphosphinates. Henk spent a postdoctoral year with Professor Halmann at the Weizmann Institute of...article 2013
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- de Klerk, W.P.C. (author), van Hulst, M. (author), Langenberg, J.P. (author) conference paper 2013
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van Hulst, M. (author), de Klerk, W.P.C. (author), Langenberg, J.P. (author), Tuinman, I.L. (author), Alblas, M.J. (author)Exposure to signaling smoke is almost impossible to avoid, and may have adverse health effects. Hand grenades with signaling smoke are used during training and/or military operations. To obtain the most realistic results when estimating the toxicity of the smoke, not only the smoke–forming composition is ignited, but the whole hand grenade is...conference paper 2013
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van Hulst, M. (author), Langenberg, J.P. (author), Alblas, M. (author)Particle matter (PM) <10 μm is known to be unhealthy. Sand present in some of the expeditionary areas military personal is stationed contains diverse particles sizes including the PM< 10 μm. When Smoke ammunition is used it might be possible that the formed smoke components are adsorbed by these small sand particle and when the are inhaled cause...conference paper 2012
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Wijte, D. (author), Alblas, M.J. (author), Noort, D. (author), Langenberg, J.P. (author), van Helden, H.P.M. (author)The aim of the present study was to investigate toxic effects following phosgene exposure of human epithelial lung cells (A549) in vitro using a CULTEX® system. In particular, toxic effects regarding early biomarkers emerging during the latency period following exposure might be of great value for medical treatment. Cells cultured on semi...article 2011
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van Helden, H.P.M. (author), Boeschoten, M.A. (author), Joosen, M.J.A. (author), Langenberg, J.P. (author), Vermetten, H.G.J.M. (author)Dit artikel beschrijft een onderzoek bij TNO naar neurobiologische processen in de hersenen die mogelijk ten grondslag liggen aan gedragsveranderingen ten gevolge van blootstelling aan ernstige stress. De vormen van stress waaraan proefdieren in experimentele proefopstellingen worden blootgesteld, zijn ‘translationeel’, hetgeen betekent dat ze...article 2010
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- TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author), van der Schans, M.J. (author), Joosen, M.J.A. (author), van den Berg, R.M. (author), Chau, L.F. (author), Noort, D. (author), Langenberg, J.P. (author) conference paper 2010
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Bosgra, S. (author), van Eijkeren, J.C.H. (author), van der Schans, M.J. (author), Langenberg, J.P. (author), Slob, W. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)Theoretical work has shown that the isobole method is not generally valid as a method for testing the absence or presence of interaction (in the biochemical sense) between chemicals. The present study illustrates how interaction can be tested by fitting a toxicodynamic model to the results of a mixture experiment. The inhibition of...article 2009
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Langenberg, J.P. (author), van der Horst, R.M. (author), Carol-Visser, J. (author), van Hulst, M. (author), le Grand, N.P. (author), ter Elst, O.A.A.M. (author), Lander, H.J. (author), Brekelmans, F.J.A.M. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)Tungsten-based ammunition is generally considered to be less harmful and more environmentally friendly than ammunition based on depleted uranium. However, recent studies have shown severe health effects in rats after embedding fragments of weapons grade Tungsten/Nickel/Cobalt in their leg muscle tissue, Interestingly, Tungsten/Nickel/Iron did...conference paper 2009