Quantifiable risk–benefit assessment of micronutrients: From theory to practice

The EU Food Supplements Directive (2002/46/EC) mandates the determination of both maximum and minimum permitted levels (MPLs) for micronutrients. In order to determine MPLs which are feasible for particular population groups, a scientific approach should be used in which risk of high intake, risk of inadequacy and benefits are assessed in an...

Relevance of bioaccumulating substances in the TTC concept

Recently, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) stated that the Threshold of Toxicological Concern

A TTC threshold for acute oral exposure to non-genotoxic substances

To derive an acute TTC threshold, the correlation between Allowable Daily Intakes (ADIs, chronic values) and Acute Reference Doses (ARfDs) of pesticides evaluated in the EU was investigated and their distributions were compared. The correlation between ARfDs and ADIs was significant (p ¼ 0.01), but weak (r2 ¼ 0.051). Consequently, using this...

A novel safety assessment strategy applied to non-selective extracts

A main challenge in food safety research is to demonstrate that processing of foodstuffs does not lead to the formation of substances for which the safety upon consumption might be questioned. This is especially so since food is a complex matrix in which the analytical detection of substances, and consequent risk assessment thereof, is difficult...

Non-intentionally added substances in food contact materials: How to ensure consumer safety

There is growing concern regarding the presence of nonintentionally added substances (NIAS) in food contact materials. These substances cannot be excluded from the food contact materials and end-up in our food. Identification thereof is often difficult or in some cases even not possible, which makes it difficult to evaluate their safety upon...

Reevaluation of the Munro dataset to derive more specific TTC thresholds

The threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) concept is a risk assessment tool for substances present at low oral exposure and lacking hazard data. In the past, several thresholds were elaborated by Munro et al. (1996) and Kroes et al. (2004). For these TTC thresholds, the Cramer class III threshold is based on a broad spectrum of substances,...

New Developments in Food Safety Assessment: Innovations in Food Allergy and Toxicological Safety Assessment

A novel safety assessment strategy for non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) in carton food contact materials

One of the main challenges in food contact materials research is to prove that the presence of non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) is not a safety issue. Migration extracts may contain many unknown substances present at low concentrations. It is difficult and time-consuming to identify all these potential NIAS and concurrently to assess...

Locust bean gum safety in neonates and young infants: An integrated review of the toxicological database and clinical evidence

Locust bean gum (LBG) is a galactomannan polysaccharide used as thickener in infant formulas with the therapeutic aim to treat uncomplicated gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Since its use in young infants below 12. weeks of age is not explicitly covered by the current scientific concept of the derivation of health based guidance values, the...

Complex mixtures: Relevance of combined exposure to substances at low dose levels

Upon analysis of chemically complex food matrices a forest of peaks is likely to be found. Identification of these peaks and concurrent determination of the toxicological relevance upon exposure is very time consuming, expensive and often requires animal studies. Recently, a safety assessment framework based on the Threshold of Toxicological...

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