C-band solid state dual polarization T/R modules for airborne SAR systems

The use of distributed power in a, on a phased array antenna based, SAR system offers new possibilities for the system operation. As a preparation for future spaceborne SAR systems using solid state transmitters with electronically steerable phased array antenna, the PHARUS system has been constructed. The system is installed on a Cessna...

First Results and Status of the PHARUS Phased Array Airborne SAR

PHARUS is an airborne fully polarimetric C band SAR. It uses a compact phased array antenna with electronic beam steering. Its design provides for a flexible and robust system concept, suited for operational use on small aircraft. PHARUS was developed in The Netherlands to cater for both the military and civil markets. Its development was...

Airborne SAR sensor development and validation

The PHARUS system is an example of a high resolution aircraft SAR sensor. Specially the PHARUS system, due to the flexibility of the operating modes, is a candidate to be used complementary with present and planned spacebome systems. The system can also be used as a demonstration system for future spacebome systems such as ESA's AS AR. This...

Amplitude and Phase Calibration of an Dual Polarized Active Phased Array Antenna

In the Netherlands, a Polarimetrie C-band aircraft SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) has been developed. The project is called PHARUS, an acronym for Phased Array Universal SAR. This instrument serves remote sensing applications. The antenna system contains 48 modules (expandable to 96). A module is composed of a Transmit/Receive (T/R) module, a...

The Design and Development of a Polarimetric Phased Array Airborne SAR Sensor

A polarimetric C-band airborne SAR has been developed in the Netherlands. The system makes use of a phased array antenna with solid state amplifiers. The project consists of two phases, a definition phase and a realization phase. The definition phase consisted of the actual realization of a SAR research system, which made its first successful...

PHARUS: PHased ARray Universal SAR

In the Netherlands, a polarimetric C-band aircraft SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) has been developed. The project is called PHARUS, an acronm for PHased ARray Universal SAR. This instrument serves remote sensing applications. The antenna system contains 48 active modules (expandable to 96). A module is composed of a Transmit/Receive section, a...

Internal and External Calibration of the PHARUS Polarimetric Airborne SAR (abstract)

Design and Calibration of the PHARUS Polarimetric Airborne SAR

The PHARUS system uses a phased array antenna with solid state amplifiers. The project consisted of two phases, a definition phase and a realization phase. The definition phase consisted of the actual realization of a SAR research system called PHARS, which made its first successful testflight in November 1990. The research system is based on...

Calibration aspects of a polarimetric phased array airborne SAR [L'Etalonnage d'un SAR aeroporte polarimetrique a antenna active}

Purpose of calibration is to get an accurate and Precise instrument. The precision of the instrument can be determined using internal calibration, while the accuracy is denoted with absolute calibration. With internal calibration only the instrument is considered. Because of practical considerations the antenna is usually discarded in this type...

PHARUS: Airborne SAR Development in the Netherlands

The PHARUS project (PHARUS stands for Phased Array Universal SAR) aims for a polarimetric C-band aircraft SAR that will be finalized in 1994. The system will make use of a phased array antenna with solid state amplifiers. The project consists of two phases, a definition phase and a realization phase. The definition phase was intended to increase...

The PHARUS Project; Real Time Digital Processing of Airborne Polarimetric Radar Signals

The Dutch PHARUS project aims for the developrlenÈ of a polarimetric C-band aircraft SAR, to be finalized in 1994. The PHARUS systen consists of three subsystens: the radar, the subsystem for the onboard data processing and recording and the ground-based subsystem for SAR processing. PHARUS is a very flexible system with numerous operating modes...

Error Bounds in the Phased Array Antenna. A statistical Model

Expressions are generated for the probabilistic analysis of phased-array antenna-pattern degradation subject to random errors in the excitation coefficients and angle measurement errors by means of a model based upon a statistical coefficient of variation model. The expressions are exercised and compared to the exact solution using an example of...

The design of a phased array polarimetric C-band SAR

Since many years ground-based scatterometers (X and Q band) and a digital SLAR system (X-band), are used in studying the microwave scattering of vegetation, forests, sea and other targets in the Netherlands. Recently an airborne scatterometer system operating at six frequencies simuItaneously between 1 and 18 GHz has been added to the remote...

PHARUS: A C-band Airborne SAR

In The Netherlands a plan to design aircraft and build a polarimetric C-band SAR system of a novel design, called PHARUS (PHased Array Universal SAR) is carried out by three institutes. These institutes are the Physics and Electronics Laboratory TNO in The Hague (prime contractor and project management), The National Aerospace Laboratory NLR in...

Project PHARUS: Towards a polarimetric C-band airborne SAR

A few years ago three institutes in the Netherlands developed a plan to design and build a polarimetric C-band aircraft SAR system of a novel design, called PHARUS (PHased Array Universal SAR), meant as a replacement for our current digital SLAR system. These institutes are the Physics and Electronics Laboratory TNO in The Hague (prime...

The PHARUS project: Design of a polarimetric C-band SAR in the Netherlands

In The Netherlands a digital SLAR system (X-band) is used since many years remote sensing in radar remote sensing research. An example of results and the system's key features are given in this paper. Calibration and high geometric and radiometric accuracy were the keywords to success in remote sensing for this system. Based on this experience a...