Comparison of Bifacial Module Measurement Methods with Optically Optimized Bifacial Modules

We characterize four types of bifacial modules with three different methods that have been proposed by the community. One method approximates rear irradiance with increased front side irradiance. The other two utilize light directly radiating on the rear side of the module. We describe the setup, the calibration, and the resulting errors...

Optically engineered bifacial modules

Black, infrared reflecting backsheets for PV: Where aesthetics meet performance

To reduce cell-to-module (CtM) losses for aesthetically appreciated all-black modules we applied a black powder coating with low infrared absorption to standard back foils used in PV modules. Upon the application of such powder coating the IR reflective properties of the underlying substrate are largely preserved. For Cu foil substrates...

Cross testing electrically conductive adhesives and conductive back-sheets for the ECN back-contact cell and module technology

ECN set up a cross testing project in which suppliers of electrically conductive adhesives (ECA) and conductive back-sheet (CBS) foils participated. In the component part of the project, combinations of adhesive and foil were characterised for peel strength and contact resistance. The separate components were tested on dot geometry (ECA) and...

A High Voltage MWT Module with Improved Shadow Performance

In this paper we present a module concept designed for better performance under shadow conditions, incorporating also lower BOS costs. This concept is a high-voltage, low-current, shadow resistant, back-contact module concept. The experimental results under partial shading conditions for mini-modules having a Voc of 39.8V show a substantial...

Shade performance of a novel high-voltage back-contact module

In this paper we present ECNs new high-voltage module concept which is based on MWT back-contact technology, and test its performance under shadow conditions. Controlled realistic shading tests were performed for three shade cases that are typical for PV applications in the built environment (a pole shade, a tree shade and a dormer shade). The...

Improved efficiency and cost of ownership for p-type MWT cell and module technology

In this study, we show the benefit of a combined cell and module design for MWT solar cells. At the module level this design results in a reduction of the module cost, while at the same time the power is increased.

Low-Stress interconnection of solar cells

n.v.t.

Beyond 16% efficient back-contact modules using Mc-Si wafers and conductive adhesive interconnection technology

n.v.t.