document

The interplay of glutathione-related processes in antioxidant defense

Cnubben, N.H.P. (author), Rietjens, I.M.C.M. (author), Wortelboer, H. (author), van Zanden, J.J. (author), van Bladeren, P.J. (author), Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en Voeding TNO (author)

This review summarizes current knowledge on glutathione (GSH) associated cellular processes that play a central role in defense against oxidative stress. GSH itself is a critical factor in maintaining the cellular redox balance and has been demonstrated to be involved in regulation of cell signalling and repair pathways. Enhanced expression of...

article 2001

document

Data-base derived values for the interspecies extrapolation: A quantitative analysis of historical toxicity data

Rennen, M.A.J. (author), Hakkert, B.C. (author), Stevenson, H. (author), Bos, P.M.J. (author), Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en Voeding TNO (author)

article 2001

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Approach to setting occupational exposure limits for sensory irritants in the Netherlands

Feron, V.J. (author), Arts, J.H.E. (author), Mojet, J. (author), Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en Voeding TNO (author)

This article describes how scientists in the Netherlands set occupational exposure limits (OELs) for sensory irritants. When they tackle this issue, a number of key questions need to be answered. For example, did the studies indeed measure sensory irritation and not cytotoxicity? When the irritant is an odorant, can interference of olfactory...

article 2001

document

Critical effect sizes in toxicological risk assessment: A comprehensive and critical evaluation

Dekkers, S. (author), de Heer, C. (author), Rennen, M.A.J. (author), Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en Voeding TNO (author)

A key issue in toxicological risk assessment is determining the effect level below which there is no reason for concern. In the Benchmark approach, this breaking point between adverse and non-adverse is called the critical effect size (CES). This study aimed to investigate the possibilities to determine CESs for toxicological effect parameters...

article 2001

document

A simple method for quantitative risk assessment of non-threshold carcinogens based on the dose descriptor T25

Sanner, T. (author), Dybing, E. (author), Willems, M.I. (author), Kroese, E.D. (author), Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en Voeding TNO (author)

This report provides guidance for using the dose-descriptor T25 from animal studies as a basis for quantitative risk characterisation of non-threshold carcinogens. T25 is presently used within the European Union for setting specific concentration limits for carcinogens in relation to labelling of preparations (formulations). The T25 is defined...

article 2001

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The benchmark approach applied to a 28-day toxicity study with rhodorsil silane in rats: The impact of increasing the number of dose groups

Woutersen, R.A. (author), Jonker, D. (author), Stevenson, H. (author), te Biesebeek, J.D. (author), Slob, W. (author), Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en Voeding TNO (author)

The OECD study design, aimed at obtaining a no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL), may be suboptimal for deriving a benchmark dose. Therefore the present subacute (28-day) study was carried out to evaluate a multiple dose study design and to compare the results with the common OECD design. Seven groups of 10 female rats each were...

article 2001

document

Toxicology studies should be relevant for worker risk assessment: Summary of discussions

Groeneveld, C.N. (author), van Hemmen, J.J. (author), Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en Voeding TNO (author)

Chemicals/CAS: Pesticides

article 2001

document

Determination of the oestrogenic (uterotrophic) activity of extracts of 'General Purpose Polystyrene (GPPS)' using immature female rats

Prinsen, M.K. (author), Gouko, N. (author), Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en Voeding TNO (author)

In Japan there is growing concern about the possible adverse effects of consumption of food from styrene containers (mainly those made from polystyrene paper) due to the alleged oestrogenic activity of styrene oligomers (dimers and trimers), which may migrate into the food. To examine the possible oestrogenic activity of styrene dimers and...

article 2001

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Effect of dietary galacto-oligosaccharides on azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt foci and colorectal cancer in Fischer 344 rats

Wijnands, M.V.W. (author), Schoterman, H.C. (author), Bruijntjes, J.P. (author), Hollanders, V.M.H. (author), Woutersen, R.A. (author), Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en Voeding TNO (author)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS, Elix'or) on the development of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and colorectal tumours in rats treated with azoxymethane (AOM). Two groups of 102 male Fischer 344 rats were injected twice with AOM to induce colorectal tumours, and fed diets containing either a...

article 2001

document

Dephosphorylation-induced structural changes in β-casein and its amphiphilic fragment in relation to emulsion properties

Darewicz, M. (author), Dziuba, J. (author), Caessens, P.W.J.R. (author), Gruppen, H. (author), Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en Voeding TNO (author)

To promote the understanding of the relationship between emulsifying and molecular properties of proteins/peptides, intact β-casein (βCN) and its amphipathic fragment, i.e. βCN (1-105/107) were dephosphorylated. Dephosphorylation was found not to change significantly their emulsifying properties. Since it is known that the structure of proteins...

article 2000

document

Effects of ileal endogenous nitrogen losses and dietary amino acid supplementation on nitrogen retention in growing pigs

Grala, W. (author), Verstegen, M.W.A. (author), Jansman, A.J.M. (author), Huisman, J. (author), van Leeuwen, P. (author), Tamminga, S. (author), Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en Voeding TNO (author)

article 1999

document

Carotenoid interactions

van den Berg, H. (author), Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en Voeding TNO (author)

Chemicals/CAS: Carotenoids, 36-88-4; Chylomicrons

article 1999

document

Future protein foods

Paardekooper, E.J.C. (author), Bol, J. (author), Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en Voeding TNO (author)

bookPart 1998

document

A novel pyrroleninone cross-link from bovine dentine

Kleter, G.A. (author), Damen, J.J.M. (author), van den Kettenes-Bosch, J.J. (author), Bank, R.A. (author), te Koppele, J.M. (author), Veraart, J.R. (author), ten Cate, J.M. (author), Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en Voeding TNO (author)

The aim was to identify suspect collagen cross-links in dentine, eluting close to known cross-links in ion-exchange HPLC. Bovine tooth roots as source of dentine were powdered, demineralised, reduced, and acid-hydrolysed. Cross-linking amino acids were isolated from the acid hydrolysate by size exclusion, adsorption, and sequential ion exchange...

article 1998

document

The IPCS collaborative study on neurobehavioral screening: II. protocol design and testing procedures

Moser, V.C. (author), Tilson, H.A. (author), Macphail, R.C. (author), Becking, G.C. (author), Cuomo, V. (author), Frantik, E. (author), Kulig, B.M. (author), Winneke, G. (author), Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en Voeding TNO TNO Voeding (author)

article 1997

document

The IPCS collaborative study on neurobehavioral screening: I. background and genesis

Macphail, R.C. (author), Tilson, H.A. (author), Moser, V.C. (author), Becking, G.C. (author), Cuomo, V. (author), Frantik, E. (author), Kulig, B.M. (author), Winneke, G. (author), Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en Voeding TNO TNO Voeding (author)

article 1997

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The IPCS collaborative study on neurobehavioral screening methods: IV. control data

Moser, V.C. (author), Becking, G.C. (author), Cuomo, V. (author), Frantik, E. (author), Kulig, B.M. (author), Macphail, R.C. (author), Tilson, H.A. (author), Winneke, G. (author), Brightwell, W.S. (author), de Salvia, M.A. (author), Gill, M.W. (author), Haggerty, G.C. (author), Hornychova, M. (author), Lammers, J. (author), Larsen, J.J. (author), Mcdaniel, K.L. (author), Nelson, B.K. (author), Ostergaard, G. (author), Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en Voeding TNO TNO Voeding (author)

article 1997

document

The IPCS collaborative study on neurobehavioral screening methods: III. results of proficiency studies

Moser, V.C. (author), Becking, G.C. (author), Cuomo, V. (author), Frantik, E. (author), Kulig, B.M. (author), Macphail, R.C. (author), Tilson, H.A. (author), Winneke, G. (author), Brightwell, W.S. (author), Cagiano, R. (author), Gill, M.W. (author), Haggerty, G.C. (author), Hornychova, M. (author), Lammers, J. (author), Larsen, J.J. (author), Mcdaniel, K.L. (author), Nelson, B.K. (author), Ostergaard, G. (author), Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en Voeding TNO TNO Voeding (author)

article 1997

document

The IPCS collaborative study on neurobehavioral screening methods: V. results of chemical testing

Moser, V.C. (author), Becking, G.C. (author), Cuomo, V. (author), Frantik, E. (author), Kulig, B.M. (author), Macphail, R.C. (author), Tilson, H.A. (author), Winneke, G. (author), Brightwell, W.S. (author), de Salvia, M.A. (author), Gill, M.W. (author), Haggerty, G.C. (author), Hornychova, M. (author), Lammers, J. (author), Larsen, J.J. (author), Mcdaniel, K.L. (author), Nelson, B.K. (author), Ostergaard, G. (author), Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en Voeding TNO TNO Voeding (author)

article 1997

document

Development of a Fast and Simple Method for Determination of β-Agonists in Urine by Extraction on Empore Membranes and Detection by a Test Strip Immunoassay

van Oosthuyze, K.E.I. (author), Arts, C.J.M. (author), van Peteghem, C.H. (author), Instituut CIVO-Toxicologie en Voeding TNO (author)

A rapid screening method for β-agonists in cattle urine was developed that offers speed and protocol simplicity and that could be performed on the spot. The method consists of an extraction on Empore membranes with strong cation exchange properties and a test strip immunoassay. The Empore extraction provides a fast and simple cleanup of the...

article 1997