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Bash, J.O. (author), Flechard, C. (author), Adon, M. (author), Cellier, P. (author), Drouet, J.L. (author), Genermont, S. (author), Massad, R.S. (author), Grosz, B. (author), Horvath, L. (author), Sutton, M.A. (author), Theobald, M.R. (author), Kruit, R.W. (author)The Working Group addressed the current understanding and uncertainties in the processes controlling ammonia (NH3) bi-directional exchange, and in the application of numerical models to describe these processes. As a starting point for the discussion, the Working Group drew on the background document prepared by Flechard et al. (2013)...bookPart 2015
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Sutton, M.A. (author), Reis, S. (author), Riddick, S.N. (author), Dragosits, U. (author), Nemitz, E. (author), Theobald, M.R. (author), Tang, Y.S. (author), Braban, C.F. (author), Vieno, M. (author), Dore, A.J. (author), Mitchell, R.F. (author), Wanless, S. (author), Daunt, F. (author), Fowler, D. (author), Blackall, T.D. (author), Milford, C. (author), Flechard, C.R. (author), Loubet, B. (author), Massad, R. (author), Cellier, P. (author), Personne, E. (author), Coheur, P.F. (author), Clarisse, L. (author), van Damme, M. (author), Ngadi, Y. (author), Clerbaux, C. (author), Skjøth, C.A. (author), Geels, C. (author), Hertel, O. (author), Kruit, R.J.W. (author), Pinder, R.W. (author), Bash, J.O. (author), Walker, J.T. (author), Simpson, D. (author), Horváth, L. (author), Misselbrook, T.H. (author), Bleeker, A. (author), Dentener, F. (author), de Vries, W. (author)Existing descriptions of bi-directional ammonia (NH3) land-atmosphere exchange incorporate temperature and moisture controls, and are beginning to be used in regional chemical transport models. However, such models have typically applied simpler emission factors to upscale the main NH3 emission terms. While this approach has successfully...article 2013
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Bleeker, A. (author), de Vries, W. (author), Dentener, F. (author), Sutton, M.A. (author), Reis, S. (author), Riddick, S.N. (author), Dragosits, U. (author), Nemitz, E. (author), Theobald, M.R. (author), Tang, Y.S. (author), Braban, C.F. (author), Vieno, M. (author), Dore, A.J. (author), Mitchell, R.F. (author), Wanless, S. (author), Daunt, F. (author), Fowler, D. (author), Blackall, T.D. (author), Milford, C. (author), Flechard, C.R. (author), Loubet, B. (author), Massad, R. (author), Cellier, P. (author), Coheur, P.F. (author), Clarisse, L. (author), van Damme, M. (author), Ngadi, Y. (author), Clerbaux, C. (author), Ambelas Skjoth, C. (author), Geels, C. (author), Hertel, O. (author), Wichink Kruit, R.J. (author), Pinder, R.W. (author), Bash, J.O. (author), Walker, J.D. (author), Simpson, D. (author), Horvath, L. (author), Misselbrook, T.H. (author)Existing descriptions of bi-directional ammonia (NH3) land–atmosphere exchange incorporate temperature and moisture controls, and are beginning to be used in regional chemical transport models. However, such models have typically applied simpler emission factors to upscale the main NH3 emission terms. While this approach has successfully...article 2013
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Erisman, J.W. (author), Flechard, C. (author), Dammgen, U. (author), Fowler, D. (author), Sutton, M. (author), Nemitz, E. (author), Beier, C. (author), Butterbach Bahl, K. (author), Cellier, P. (author), de Vries, W. (author), Cotrufo, F. (author), Skiba, U. (author), Di Marco, C. (author), Jones, S. (author), Laville, P. (author), Soussana, J.F. (author), Loubet, B. (author), Twigg, M. (author), Famulari, D. (author), Whitehead, J. (author), Gallagher, M.W. (author), Neftel, A. (author), Herrmann, B. (author), Calanca, P.L. (author), Schjoerring, J.K. (author), Horvath, L. (author), Tang, Y.S. (author), Emmett, B.A. (author), Tietema, A. (author), Penuelas, J. (author), Kesik, M. (author), Brueggemann, N. (author), Pilegaard, K. (author), Vesala, T. (author), Campbell, C.L. (author), Olesen, J.E. (author), Dragosits, U. (author), Theobald, M.R. (author), Levy, P. (author), Mobbs, D.C. (author), Milne, R. (author), Viovy, N. (author), Vuichard, N. (author), Smith, J.U. (author), Smith, P. (author), Bergamaschi, P. (author), Reis, S. (author)Recent research in nitrogen exchange with the atmosphere has separated research communities according to N form. The integrated perspective needed to quantify the net effect of N on greenhouse-gas balance is being addressed by the NitroEurope Integrated Project (NEU). Recent advances have depended on improved methodologies, while ongoing...article 2008
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TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author), Pilegaard, K. (author), Skiba, U. (author), Ambus, P. (author), Beier, C. (author), Brüggemann, N. (author), Butterbach-Bahl, K. (author), Dick, J. (author), Dorsey, J. (author), Duyzer, J. (author), Gallagher, M. (author), Gasche, R. (author), Horvath, L. (author), Kitzler, B. (author), Leip, A. (author), Pihlatie, M.K. (author), Rosenkranz, P. (author), Seufert, G. (author), Vesala, T. (author), Westrate, H. (author), Zechmeister-Boltenstern, S. (author)Soil emissions of NO and N2O were measured continuously at high frequency for more than one year at 15 European forest sites as part of the EU-funded project NOFRETETE. The locations represent different forest types (coniferous/deciduous) and different nitrogen loads. Geographically they range from Finland in the north to Italy in the south and...article 2006
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TNO Bouw en Ondergrond (author), Pilegaard, K. (author), Skiba, U. (author), Ambus, P. (author), Beier, C. (author), Brüggemann, N. (author), Butterbach-Bahl, K. (author), Dick, J. (author), Dorsey, J. (author), Duyzer, J. (author), Gallagher, M. (author), Gasche, R. (author), Horvath, L. (author), Kitzler, B. (author), Leip, A. (author), Pihlatie, M.K. (author), Rosenkranz, P. (author), Seufert, G. (author), Vesala, T. (author), Westrate, H. (author), Zechmeister-Boltenstern, S. (author)Soil emissions of NO and N2O were measured continuously at high frequency for more than one year at 15 European forest sites as part of the EU-funded project NOFRETETE. The locations represent different forest types (coniferous/deciduous) and different nitrogen loads. Geographically they range from Finland in the north to Italy in the south and...article 2006