Evaluation of the environmental impact of modern passenger cars on petrol, diesel, automotive LPG and CNG

The project reported here concerns an investigation into the environmental performance of modern passenger cars on four different fuels: petrol, diesel, automotive LPG and CNG. The objectives of the project were twofold: - To make a valid and useful comparison between modern vehicles fuelled by these four fuels, as a possible basis for...

In-use compliance programme - Overview of Automotive LPG vehicles 1999-2003

This report presents a general overview of the results of automotive LPG vehicles that have been tested within the framework of the Dutch In-Use Compliance programme for passenger cars over the years 1999 to 2003. The work in these years was executed under a contract with the Dutch Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment. The...

Real-world driving behaviour

With increasing complexity of engine management system there is a tendency for traditional driving cyles to become further and further removed from reality. So for a sensible evaluation of emissions and fuel consumption of road vehicles in the field there is an urgent need for 'real-world' driving patterns. Existing 'standard' driving cycles can...

Real-world environmental performance of hybrid vehicles

With the further development and market introduction of hybrid vehicle technologies in recent years we are now at a stage where we can test whether the proclaimed advantages of hybrid propulsion in terms of fuel efficiency and emission reduction are actually realised. An important issue is that significant efficiency and emission improvements...

Het Audi Duo concept in de praktijk: Milieuprestaties en de kansen en belemmeringen voor marktintroductie, bepaald in het Demonstratieproject Audi duo

Gezamenlijk met ECN is dit rapport samengesteld. Dit rapport is bijdrage 2. Om de milieuprestaties van de Audi Duo in kaart te brengen is in het onderzoek voor de volgende emissies gekozen: koolstofmonoxide (CO), koolwaterstoffen (HC), stikstofoxiden (NOx), zwaveldioxide (SO2), deeltjes (PM), koolstofdioxide (CO2). De opwekking van elektrische...

Audi Duo demonstration project: Environmental comparision and user survey

This paper describes the results and conclusions of a methodology for the assessment of environmental performance. This methodology was applied to a demonstration project conducted in the Netherlands with 10 Audi Duo parallel hybrid vehicles. During the course of the project, the vehicles were driven by a wide range of users and user groups. By...

Requirements for homologation, legislation and test cycles of vehicles with advanced powertrains

Traditionally, In-Use Compliance testing is closely related to homologation legislation, as in most cases the IUC test is a derivative from the type approval test. As it is the aim of this paper to explore the future of IUC testing, this can be studied best on the basis of expectations for future homologation test procedures that also include...

Options for practical in-use compliance testing of HD vehicles

In 1994 TNO Automotive started its HD vehicle In-use Compliance programme on request of the Dutch Ministry of Spatial Planning, Housing and the Environment. Until now, it has been possible to simulate the homologation test procedure with acceptable accuracy on the vehicle (using a chassis dynamometer), rather than testing the engine on an engine...

Het Audi Duo concept in de praktijk: milieuprestaties en de kansen en belemmeringen voor marktintroductie, bepaald in het Demonstratieproject Audi Duo

This report describes the methodology and results for an assessment of environmental performance of a parallel hybrid vehicle, as well as an investigation into user experiences that may promote or hinder market introduction of this type of car. A parallel hybrid vehicle is powered either by a combustion engine or by an electric engine. For the...

Inventory of test procedures: state of the art and problems

Matador: final report of task 2

In Task 2 of the MATADOR-project1 measurement methods have been developed for the evaluation of the energy consumption and emissions of vehicles with advanced propulsion systems, such as battery-electric, hybrid-electric and fuel cell vehicles. Based on an inventory of existing and prospective standard test procedures and of technology-specific...

TNO-ADVANCE: A modular power train simulation and design tool

To support its activities in the field of conventional and hybrid vehicles, TNO has developed ADVANCE, a modular simulation tool for the design and evaluation of advanced power trains. In this paper the various features and the potential of ADVANCE are described and illustrated by means of two case studies. The first case describes an assessment...

Elektrische en hybride voertuigen: een quick scan van de stand van zaken en trends

Dit rapport is een met beperkte middelen en in korte tijd samengestelde samenvatting van informatie die bij TNO aanwezig is in de vorm van literatuur en de kennis en ervaring van medewerkers. In de beschrijving van concrete voertuigen, componenten of activiteiten is geen volledigheid nagestreefd. Wel is gepoogd om in grote lijnen een degelijk...

Regulated and unregulated exhaust gas components from LD vehicles on petrol, diesel, LPG and CNG

Four fuels (petrol, LPG, CNG and diesel) are compared on passenger cars and lighter vans. The comparisons are made for the usual regulated components, but also for a number of unregulated components. The project was financed by the Dutch government, the association of gas suppliers, a number of LPG/CNG equipment manufacturers, and TNO. The...