Tropospheric ozone trends

Anthropogenic emissions of chemical reactive trace gases have substantially altered the composition of the troposphere. These perturbations have caused tropospheric O3 increases, in particular in the Northern Hemisphere. It remains, however, difficult to accurately establish O3 trends throughout the troposphere because the number of sites where...

Rare earth elements and other metals in atmospheric particulate matter in the western part of the Netherlands

Atmospheric particulate matter (APM) was collected in Delft, in the western part of the Netherlands, on micro-quartz glass fibre filters from July to September, 1997. The concentrations of rare earth elements (REE) and 9 other metals (Cd, Pb, Fe, V, Ti, Mg, Ca, Na and Al) in the APM were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry...

Environmental risk assessment for pesticides in the atmosphere: The results of an international workshop

The Health Council of the Netherlands organised an international workshop on the fate of pesticides in the atmosphere and possible approaches for their regulatory environmental risk assessment. Approximately forty experts discussed what is currently known about the atmospheric fate of pesticides and major gaps in our understanding were...

Transformations of pesticides in the atmosphere: A state of the art

The current knowledge about transformation rates and products of pesticides in the atmosphere is reviewed. Reactive species and their concentrations in the atmosphere are presented. Reactions of pesticides with these species (including photolysis) in the gas and the particulate phase are evaluated from available experimental data. The potential...

C2-C5 hydrocarbon measurements in the Netherlands 1981-1991

Measurements of C2-C5 hydrocarbons on an hourly basis at the TNO site in Delft from 1982 to 1984 and at Moerdijk over the period 1981-1991 are presented. In combination with meteorological data (wind direction and wind speed) the Delft and Moerdijk series are evaluated to identify source categories, annual variations, background concentrations...

Determination of cadmium, zinc, copper chromium and arsenic in crude oils

One of the sources of trace heavy metal elements in air are emissions by the oil industry, either directly through stack emissions from refineries or indirectly from emissions of combustion of hydrocarbons. Emission estimates are based mainly on the trace metal content of the crude oil processed. From a literature study carried out in the...

Proceedings of the 2nd Sino-Dutch workshop on the environmental behaviour and ecotoxicology of rare earth elements and heavy metals, October 1997, Delft

Environmental management

Elements of a national environmental management system include: • monitoring networks to establish the prevailing environmental quality; • emission inventories, and projected emission inventories based on population growth, increase of traffic density, and economie growth; taking into account emission reduction strategies; • dispersion models,...

The occurrence of organic chemicals in the atmosphere of The Netherlands

In this paper concentration levels of various classes of organic chemicals in The Netherlands are reported for the base year 1980. From these levels the average intake of the Dutch population by inhalation was calculated to be ~1.5 g year-1. This gives reason for concern because many of the compounds either seem to exhibit carcinogenic...

Conversion rate of nitrogen oxides in a polluted atmosphere

Distribution of some hydrocarbons in ambient air near Delft and the influence on the formation of secondary air pollutants

The relative concentrations of hydrocarbons in the atmosphere may provide information concerning their origin. It appears that the hydrocarbon composition measured in Delft (The Netherlands) is entirely different for northern and southern wind directions. This points to different sources. The most important sources for this area are natural gas...

The occurrence of photochemical smogformation in western Europe

Fotochemische smogvorming in Nederland (Photochemical smog formation in the Netherlands)

Uitlaatgassen - brandstofverlies, overblijfselen: huidige situatie - verwachte ontwikkelingen - te nemen acties

Environmental lead in the Netherlands. A. Status report on the overall situation. B. Appraisal of lead exposure in customs officers and policemen at a highway frontier station

The occurrence of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in outdoor air

Luchtverontreiniging door het verkeer