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Jiménez, A.S. (author), Rashid, S. (author), Brouwer, D. (author), Fransman, W. (author), Fito, C. (author), Boulougouris, G. (author), van Tongeren, M. (author)The development of nanotechnology has reached a point where it is being widely applied, and numerous nanomaterials and nano-enabled products are handled across a broad range of industrial sectors. Exposure extends beyond occupational settings as products containing nanomaterials are used by different consumer groups. Despite the knowledge on...conference paper 2015
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Walser, T. (author), Meyer, D. (author), Fransman, W. (author), Buist, H. (author), Kuijpers, E. (author), Brouwer, D. (author)Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a well-established method to evaluate impacts of chemicals on the environment and human health along the lifespan of products. However, the increasingly produced and applied nanomaterials (defined as one dimensionarticle 2015
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Schinkel, J. (author), Fransman, W. (author), McDonnell, P.E. (author), Entink, R.K. (author), Tielemans, E. (author), Kromhout, H. (author)Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of the Advanced REACH Tool (ART) by (i) studying interassessor agreement of the resulting exposure estimates generated by the ART mechanistic model, (ii) studying interassessor agreement per model parameters of the ART mechanistic model, (iii) investigating assessor characteristics...article 2014
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Losert, S. (author), von Goetz, N. (author), Bekker, C. (author), Fransman, W. (author), Wijnhoven, S.W.P. (author), Delmaar, C. (author), Hungerbuhler, K. (author), Ulrich, A. (author)The release of pesticides from conventional spray products has been investigated in depth, and suitable analytical techniques detecting the mass of the released substances are available. In contrast, nanoparticle-containing sprays are less studied, although they are perceived as critical for consumers because inhalation exposure can occur to...article 2014
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McNally, K. (author), Warren, N. (author), Fransman, W. (author), Entink, R.K. (author), Schinkel, J. (author), Van Tongeren, M. (author), Cherrie, J.W. (author), Kromhout, H. (author), Schneider, T. (author), Tielemans, E. (author)This paper describes a Bayesian model for the assessment of inhalation exposures in an occupational setting; the methodology underpins a freely available web-based application for exposure assessment, the Advanced REACH Tool (ART). The ART is a higher tier exposure tool that combines disparate sources of information within a Bayesian statistical...article 2014
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Fransman, W. (author), Kager, H. (author), Meijster, T. (author), Heederik, D. (author), Kromhout, H. (author), Portengen, L. (author), Blaauboer, B.J. (author)Several studies showed that oncology nurses are exposed to antineoplastic drugs via the skin during daily activities. Several antineoplastic drugs (including cyclophosphamide) have been classified as carcinogenic to humans. This study aims to assess the leukemia risk of occupational exposure to cyclophosphamide. Average task frequencies from the...article 2014
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Bekker, C. (author), Brouwer, D.H. (author), van Duuren-Stuurman, B. (author), Tuinman, I.L. (author), Tromp, P.C. (author), Fransman, W. (author)This paper reports a study of the dispersion of manufactured nano-objects (MNOs) through the air, both in time and space, during the use of two commercially available nano-spray products and comparable products without MNOs. The main objective was to identify whether personal exposure can occur at a greater distance than the immediate proximity...article 2014
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- Kuijpers, E. (author), Bekker, C. (author), van Broekhuizen, P. (author), Vermeulen, R. (author), van de Wiel, J. (author), Tielemans, E. (author), Fransman, W. (author) article 2014
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Schinkel, J. (author), Richie, P. (author), Goede, H. (author), Fransman, W. (author), van Tongeren, M. (author), Cherrie, J.W. (author), Tielemans, E. (author), Kromhout, H. (author), Warren, N. (author)This article describes the structure, functionalities, and content of the Advanced REACH Tool (ART) exposure database (version 1.5). The incorporation of the exposure database into ART allows users who do not have their own measurement data for their exposure scenario, to update the exposure estimates produced by the mechanistic model using...article 2013
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Brouwer, D. (author), Berges, M. (author), Virji, M.A. (author), Fransman, W. (author), Bello, D. (author), Hodson, L. (author), Gabriel, S. (author), Tielemans, E. (author)The present paper summarizes the outcome of the discussions at the First International Scientific Workshop on Harmonization of Strategies to Measure and Analyze Exposure to (Manufactured) Nano-objects in Workplace Air that was organized and hosted by the Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) and the Institute for...article 2012
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van Duuren-Stuurman, B. (author), Vink, S. (author), Brouwer, D. (author), Kroese, E.D. (author), Heussen, H. (author), Verbist, K. (author), Tielemans, E. (author), van Niftrik, M. (author), Fransman, W. (author)Stoffenmanager Nano (version 1.0) is a risk-banding tool developed for employers and employees to prioritize health risks occurring as a result of exposure to manufactured nano objects (MNOs) for a broad range of worker scenarios and to assist implementation of control measures to reduce exposure levels. In order to prioritize the health risks,...article 2012
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Koppisch, D. (author), Schinkel, J. (author), Gabriel, S. (author), Fransman, W. (author), Tielemans, E. (author)Objectives: This paper explores the usefulness of the exposure database MEGA for model validation and evaluates the capability of two Stoffenmanager model equations (i.e. handling of powders/granules and machining) to estimate workers exposure to inhalable dust. Methods: For the task groups, ‘handling of powders and granules’ (handling) and ...article 2012
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le Feber, M. (author), Terwoert, J. (author), Fransman, W. (author)Nano is hot! Over Nano wordt gesproken, er wordt onderzoek naar gedaan en u leest erover in de media. Bedrijven zijn volgens de wet verplicht risico’s in kaart te brengen en te beheersen. Ook rond het werken met Nano. Er zijn verschillende hulpmiddelen ontwikkeld. Niet alles wat ontwikkeld wordt is nuttig voor bedrijven, waardoor u met vragen...public lecture 2012
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Schneider, T. (author), Brouwer, D.H. (author), Koponen, I.K. (author), Jensen, K.A. (author), Fransman, W. (author), van Duuren-Stuurman, B. (author), van Tongeren, M. (author), Tielemans, E. (author)As workplace air measurements of manufactured nanoparticles are relatively expensive to conduct, models can be helpful for a first tier assessment of exposure. A conceptual model was developed to give a framework for such models. The basis for the model is an analysis of the fate and underlying mechanisms of nanoparticles emitted by a source...article 2011
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Marquart, H. (author), Schneider, T. (author), Goede, H. (author), Tischer, M. (author), Schinkel, J. (author), Warren, N. (author), Fransman, W. (author), Spaan, S. (author), van Tongeren, M. (author), Kromhout, H. (author), Tielemans, E. (author), Cherrie, J.W. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)There is a large variety of activities in workplaces that can lead to emission of substances. Coding systems based on determinants of emission have so far not been developed. In this paper, a system of Activity Classes and Activity Subclasses is proposed for categorizing activities involving chemical use. Activity Classes share their so-called ...article 2011
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van Tongeren, M. (author), Fransman, W. (author), Spankie, S. (author), Tischer, M. (author), Brouwer, D. (author), Schinkel, J. (author), Cherrie, J.W. (author), Tielemans, E. (author)The Advanced REACH Tool (ART) is an exposure assessment tool that combines mechanistically modelled inhalation exposure estimates with available exposure data using a Bayesian approach. The mechanistic model is based on nine independent principal modifying factors (MF). One of these MF is the substance emission potential, which addresses the...article 2011
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Schinkel, J. (author), Warren, N. (author), Fransman, W. (author), van Tongeren, M. (author), McDonnell, P. (author), Voogd, E. (author), Cherrie, J.W. (author), Tischer, M. (author), Kromhout, H. (author), Tielemans, E. (author)The mechanistic model of the Advanced Reach Tool (ART) provides a relative ranking of exposure levels from different scenarios. The objectives of the calibration described in this paper are threefold: to study whether the mechanistic model scores are accurately ranked in relation to exposure measurements; to enable the mechanistic model to...article 2011
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Cherrie, J.W. (author), MacCalman, L. (author), Fransman, W. (author), Tielemans, E. (author), Tischer, M. (author), van Tongeren, M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Objectives: In 1999, Cherrie carried out a series of mathematical simulations to investigate dispersion of pollutants through two indoor zones: the near-field (NF) and the far-field (FF). The results of these simulations were used to derive modifying factors for use in exposure modeling. However, in the original simulations, no account was taken...article 2011
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Fransman, W. (author), van Tongeren, M. (author), Cherrie, J.W. (author), Tischer, M. (author), Schneider, T. (author), Schinkel, J. (author), Kromhout, H. (author), Warren, N. (author), Goede, H. (author), Tielemans, E. (author)This paper describes the development of the mechanistic model within a collaborative project, referred to as the Advanced REACH Tool (ART) project, to develop a tool to model inhalation exposure for workers sharing similar operational conditions across different industries and locations in Europe. The ART mechanistic model is based on a...article 2011
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- Verbist, K., (author), Marquart, H., (author), Heussen, H., (author), Schinkel, J., (author), West, J., (author), Fransman, W., (author), van Niftrik, M, (author), Tielemans, E. (author) article 2011