The relationship between inadvertent ingestion and dermal exposure pathways: A new integrated conceptual model and a database of dermal and oral transfer efficiencies

Occupational inadvertent ingestion exposure is ingestion exposure due to contact between the mouth and contaminated hands or objects. Although individuals are typically oblivious to their exposure by this route, it is a potentially significant source of occupational exposure for some substances. Due to the continual flux of saliva through the...

Occupational exposure during application and removal of antifouling paints

Exposure data on biocides are relatively rare in published literature, especially for secondary exposure. This is also the case for antifouling exposure. Therefore, a field study was carried out measuring exposure to antifouling paints. Both primary exposure (rolling and spraying) and secondary exposure (during sand blasting) were studied....

Size selective dustiness and exposure; simulated workplace comparisons

A simulated workplace study was conducted to investigate the relation between inhalation exposure and dustiness determined with a rotating drum dustiness tester. Three powders were used in the study, i.e. magnesium stearate, representing a very dusty powder, and aluminium oxide and calcium carbonate, representing low and very low dusty powders,...

Task-based dermal exposure models for regulatory risk assessment

The regulatory risk assessment of chemicals requires the estimation of occupational dermal exposure. Until recently, the models used were either based on limited data or were specific to a particular class of chemical or application. The EU project RISKOFDERM has gathered a considerable number of new measurements of dermal exposure together with...

Excluding exposure data of very poor quality is a core principle for regulatory risk assessment

Letters to the editor Excluding exposure data of very poor quality is a core principle for regulatory risk assessment

In a recent issue of this journal, Money and Margary (2002) proposed some thoughtful guidelines for exposure assessment in regulatory risk assessment. Their structured approach acknowledges that currently available exposure data are of very variable quality (Northage and Marquart, 2001). We firmly underline their plea for a hierarchy in...