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Fransman, W. (author), Arnone, M. (author), Borghi, F. (author), Cattaneo, A. (author), Cavallo, D.M. (author), Cherrie, J.W. (author), Franken, R. (author), Galea, K.S. (author), van der Haar, R. (author), Heussen, G.A.H. (author), Jensen, K.A. (author), Koponen, M. (author), Koppisch, D. (author), Kromhout, H. (author), Luo, KY.S. (author), McNally, K. (author), Säämänen, A. (author), Spinazzè, A. (author), van Tongeren, M. (author), Jeroen, (author), Vanoirbeek, J. (author), Verpaele, S. (author), Vetter, D. (author), Viegas, S. (author), Warren, N. (author)In this article, we have responded to the key statements in the article by Koivisto et al. (2022) that were incorrect and considered to be a biased critique on a subset of the exposure models used in Europe (i.e. ART and Stoffenmanager®) used for regulatory exposure assessment. We welcome scientific discussions on exposure modelling (as was done...article 2022
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Cherrie, J.W. (author), Fransman, W. (author), Heussen, G.A.H. (author), Koppisch, D. (author), Jensen, K.A. (author)Model tools for estimating hazardous substance exposure are an accepted part of regulatory risk assessments in Europe, and models underpin control banding tools used to help manage chemicals in workplaces. Of necessity the models are simplified abstractions of real-life working situations that aim to capture the essence of the scenario to give...article 2020
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Franken, R. (author), Maggos, T. (author), Stamatelopoulou, A. (author), Loh, M. (author), Kuijpers, E. (author), Bartzis, J. (author), Steinle, S. (author), Cherrie, J.W. (author), Pronk, A. (author)The aim of this study was to (a) develop a method for converting particle number concentrations (PNC) obtained by Dylos to PM2.5 mass concentrations, (b) compare this conversion with similar methods available in the literature, and (c) compare Dylos PM2.5 obtained using all available conversion methods with gravimetric samples. Data were...article 2019
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Loh, M. (author), Sarigiannis, D. (author), Gotti, A. (author), Karakitsios, S. (author), Pronk, A. (author), Kuijpers, E. (author), Annesi-Maesano, I. (author), Baiz, N. (author), Madureira, J. (author), Fernandes, E.O. (author), Jerrett, M. (author), Cherrie, J.W. (author)The advent of the exposome concept, the advancement of mobile technology, sensors, and the “internet of things” bring exciting opportunities to exposure science. Smartphone apps, wireless devices, the downsizing of monitoring technologies, along with lower costs for such equipment makes it possible for various aspects of exposure to be measured...article 2017
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McNally, K. (author), Warren, N. (author), Fransman, W. (author), Entink, R.K. (author), Schinkel, J. (author), Van Tongeren, M. (author), Cherrie, J.W. (author), Kromhout, H. (author), Schneider, T. (author), Tielemans, E. (author)This paper describes a Bayesian model for the assessment of inhalation exposures in an occupational setting; the methodology underpins a freely available web-based application for exposure assessment, the Advanced REACH Tool (ART). The ART is a higher tier exposure tool that combines disparate sources of information within a Bayesian statistical...article 2014
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Schinkel, J. (author), Richie, P. (author), Goede, H. (author), Fransman, W. (author), van Tongeren, M. (author), Cherrie, J.W. (author), Tielemans, E. (author), Kromhout, H. (author), Warren, N. (author)This article describes the structure, functionalities, and content of the Advanced REACH Tool (ART) exposure database (version 1.5). The incorporation of the exposure database into ART allows users who do not have their own measurement data for their exposure scenario, to update the exposure estimates produced by the mechanistic model using...article 2013
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Gorman Ng, M. (author), Semple, S. (author), Cherrie, J.W. (author), Christopher, Y. (author), Northage, C. (author), Tielemans, E. (author), Veroughstraete, V. (author), van Tongeren, M. (author)Occupational inadvertent ingestion exposure is ingestion exposure due to contact between the mouth and contaminated hands or objects. Although individuals are typically oblivious to their exposure by this route, it is a potentially significant source of occupational exposure for some substances. Due to the continual flux of saliva through the...article 2012
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Marquart, H. (author), Schneider, T. (author), Goede, H. (author), Tischer, M. (author), Schinkel, J. (author), Warren, N. (author), Fransman, W. (author), Spaan, S. (author), van Tongeren, M. (author), Kromhout, H. (author), Tielemans, E. (author), Cherrie, J.W. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)There is a large variety of activities in workplaces that can lead to emission of substances. Coding systems based on determinants of emission have so far not been developed. In this paper, a system of Activity Classes and Activity Subclasses is proposed for categorizing activities involving chemical use. Activity Classes share their so-called ...article 2011
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van Tongeren, M. (author), Fransman, W. (author), Spankie, S. (author), Tischer, M. (author), Brouwer, D. (author), Schinkel, J. (author), Cherrie, J.W. (author), Tielemans, E. (author)The Advanced REACH Tool (ART) is an exposure assessment tool that combines mechanistically modelled inhalation exposure estimates with available exposure data using a Bayesian approach. The mechanistic model is based on nine independent principal modifying factors (MF). One of these MF is the substance emission potential, which addresses the...article 2011
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Schinkel, J. (author), Warren, N. (author), Fransman, W. (author), van Tongeren, M. (author), McDonnell, P. (author), Voogd, E. (author), Cherrie, J.W. (author), Tischer, M. (author), Kromhout, H. (author), Tielemans, E. (author)The mechanistic model of the Advanced Reach Tool (ART) provides a relative ranking of exposure levels from different scenarios. The objectives of the calibration described in this paper are threefold: to study whether the mechanistic model scores are accurately ranked in relation to exposure measurements; to enable the mechanistic model to...article 2011
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Cherrie, J.W. (author), MacCalman, L. (author), Fransman, W. (author), Tielemans, E. (author), Tischer, M. (author), van Tongeren, M. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)Objectives: In 1999, Cherrie carried out a series of mathematical simulations to investigate dispersion of pollutants through two indoor zones: the near-field (NF) and the far-field (FF). The results of these simulations were used to derive modifying factors for use in exposure modeling. However, in the original simulations, no account was taken...article 2011
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Fransman, W. (author), van Tongeren, M. (author), Cherrie, J.W. (author), Tischer, M. (author), Schneider, T. (author), Schinkel, J. (author), Kromhout, H. (author), Warren, N. (author), Goede, H. (author), Tielemans, E. (author)This paper describes the development of the mechanistic model within a collaborative project, referred to as the Advanced REACH Tool (ART) project, to develop a tool to model inhalation exposure for workers sharing similar operational conditions across different industries and locations in Europe. The ART mechanistic model is based on a...article 2011
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Mc Donnell, P.E. (author), Schinkel, J.M. (author), Coggins, M.A. (author), Fransman, W. (author), Kromhout, H. (author), Cherrie, J.W. (author), Tielemans, E.L. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)As it is often difficult to obtain sufficient numbers of measurements to adequately characterise exposure levels, occupational exposure models may be useful tools in the exposure assessment process. This study aims to refine and validate the inhalable dust algorithm of the Advanced REACH Tool (ART) to predict airborne exposure of workers in the...article 2011
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Tielemans, E. (author), Warren, N. (author), Fransman, W. (author), van Tongeren, M. (author), McNally, K. (author), Tischer, M. (author), Ritchie, P. (author), Kromhout, H. (author), Schinkel, J. (author), Schneider, T. (author), Cherrie, J.W. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)This paper provides an outline of the Advanced REACH Tool (ART) version 1.0 and a discussion of how it could be further developed. ART is a higher tier exposure assessment tool that combines mechanistically modelled inhalation exposure predictions with available exposure data using a Bayesian approach. ART assesses exposure for scenarios across...article 2011
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Tielemans, E. (author), Schneider, T. (author), Goede, H. (author), Tischer, M. (author), Warren, N. (author), Kromhout, H. (author), van Tongeren, M. (author), van Hemmen, J. (author), Cherrie, J.W. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)The present paper proposes a source-receptor model to schematically describe inhalation exposure to help understand the complex processes leading to inhalation of hazardous substances. The model considers a stepwise transfer of a contaminant from the source to the receptor. The conceptual model is constructed using three components, i.e. (i) the...article 2008
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Tielemans, E. (author), Warren, N. (author), Schneider, T. (author), Tischer, M. (author), Ritchie, P. (author), Goede, H. (author), Kromhout, H. (author), van Hemmen, J. (author), Cherrie, J.W. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)REACH (Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of CHemicals) requires improved exposure models that can be incorporated into screening tools and refined assessment tools. These are referred to as tier 1 and 2 models, respectively. There are a number of candidate in tier 1 models that could be used with REACH. Tier 2 models, producing robust...article 2007
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Brouwer, D.H. (author), Aitken, R.J. (author), Oppl, R. (author), Cherrie, J.W. (author), TNO Kwaliteit van Leven (author)This article proposes a common language for better understanding processes involved in dermal exposure and skin protection. A conceptual model has been developed that systematically describes the transport of agent mass from sources, eventually resulting in "loading" of the skin surface or the skin contaminant layer. In view of a harmonized...article 2005
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Cherrie, J.W. (author), Semple, S. (author), Brouwer, D. (author), TNO Voeding (author)There are standardized laboratory tests for chemical protective gloves that provide estimates of breakthrough time and steady-state permeation flux. However, there is evidence to suggest that these tests may not be completely relevant to glove usage in the workplace. There is no consensus about how glove workplace effectiveness should be...article 2004
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Semple, S. (author), Brouwers, D.H. (author), Dick, F. (author), Cherrie, J.W. (author), TNO Voeding (author)The contribution of dermal exposure to the total body burden of a given chemical is difficult to assess. However, it is possible that as regulatory pressures lead to reductions in inhalation exposure, the proportion of uptake via the dermal route will increase. This study brings together recent work in the field of dermal exposure to provide a...article 2001
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Brouwer, D.H. (author), Semple, S. (author), Marquart, J. (author), Cherrie, J.W. (author), Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO (author)The discriminative power of existing dermal exposure models is limited. Most models only allow occupational hygienists to rank workers between and within workplaces according to broad bands of dermal exposure. No allowance is made for the work practices of different individuals. In this study a process-based, structured approach has been used to...article 2001
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