Fault Weakening During Short Seismic Slip Pulse Experiments: The Role of Pressurized Water and Implications for Induced Earthquakes in the Groningen Gas Field

High-velocity friction experiments on simulated fault gouges sheared at high normal stress and to low displacement are particularly relevant to induced seismicity, which is becoming an important topic in fault mechanics. Using a new, improved set-up, which allows simulation of fault stress and fluid pressure ((Formula presented.)) conditions...

Climate Impact Comparison of Electric and Gas-Powered End-User Appliances

Natural gas is considered a bridging technology in the energy transition because it produces fewer carbon emissions than coal, for example. However, when leaks exist, methane is released into the atmosphere, leading to a dramatic increase in the carbon footprint of natural gas, as methane is a much stronger greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide....

Quantification of methane emissions in Hamburg using a network of FTIR spectrometers and an inverse modeling approach

Methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas, and anthropogenic CH4 emissions contribute significantly to global warming. In this study, the CH4 emissions of the second most populated city in Germany, Hamburg, were quantified with measurements from four solar-viewing Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers, mobile in situ measurements, and...

Ground-based mobile measurements to track urban methane emissions from natural gas in twelve cities across eight countries

Comparison of a downscaled emission inventory from national-scale data and a newly developed city-scale bottom-up inventory for Munich towards a better understanding of local characteristics

Seismic slip-pulse experiments simulate induced earthquake rupture in the Groningen Gas field

Methane emissions from the Munich Oktoberfest

This study presents the first investigation of the methane (CH4) emissions of a large festival. Munich Oktoberfest, the world’s largest folk festival, is a potential source of CH4 as a large amount of natural gas for cooking and heating is used. In 2018 we measured the CH4 emissions of Oktoberfest using in situ measurements combined with a...

Establishment of a novel functional group passivation system for the surface engineering of c-Si solar cells

Surface engineering of crystalline silicon (c-Si) is the core of Si-based semiconductor devices. The current commercially available c-Si solar cells achieve this by making use of a conventional thin dielectric film passivation system (TDFPS), including SiO2, Al2O3, SiNx:H and hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) in industry. However, the...

Vaporization of fault water during seismic slip

Laboratory and numerical studies, as well as field observations, indicate that phase transitions of pore water might be an important process in large earthquakes. We present a model of the thermo-hydro-chemo-mechanical processes, including a two-phase mixture model to incorporate the phase transitions of pore water, occurring during fast slip (i...

Additive manufacturing approaches for stress relief in semiconductor die packaging

Packaging of semiconductor chips, especially MEMS-based, always causes stress on the functional areas of the die causing unpredictable changes in chip performance. As a consequence such devices can only be calibrated individually after complete assembly. Melexis and TNO have developed an approach to reduce significantly packaging stress effects...

Microbial transglutaminase production: Understanding the mechanism

Microbial transglutaminase is an important enzyme in food processing for improving protein properties by catalyzing the cross-linking of proteins. Recently, this enzyme has been shown to exhibit wider potential application in tissue engineering, textiles and leather processing, site-specific protein conjugation and wheat gluten allergy reduction...

IP D10 Analysis and results of validation procedures for preventive and active ssafety functions

PReVAL addresses the possible safety impacts of functions developed and demonstrated in the PReVENT integrated project. One of the major aims of the PReVAL project is the assessment of the work performed in the PReVENT subprojects. This deliverable reviews the evaluation results from the different PReVENT subprojects. The deliverable is both a...

D16.3 Proposal of procedures for assessment of preventive and active safety functions

PReVAL addresses the possible safety impacts of functions developed and demonstrated in the PReVENT integrated project. One of the major aims of the PReVAL project is the development of a harmonized framework for the assessment of preventive safety applications and advanced driver assistance functions. The work described in this deliverable is a...