Well-to-tank broeikasgas emissies van aardgas, biogas en diesel in Nederland - analyse van 2010 en project naar de toekomst

Wegtransport is verantwoordelijk voor een significant deel van de broeikasgasemissies in Nederland. Behalve bij het verbruiken van brandstof komen tijdens de productie van brandstof ook broeikasgassen vrij. Dit rapport bevat de uitkomsten van een project uitgevoerd door TNO in 2010 om de broeikasgasemissies die ontstaan bij de productie van een...

Pressing process improvements for roofing tiles using porous moulds

Roofing tiles are traditionally produced via pressing using plaster of Paris moulds. A replacement of such moulds by porous PMMA based moulds increases production speed and the durability of the moulds, however results in a non-acceptable surface finish due to enhanced adhesion of the clay to the porous mould. A much better release of the clay...

CO2 uitstoot van personenwagens in norm en praktijk: analyse van gegevens van zakelijke rijders

Non-linear electromechanical behaviour of piezoelectric bimorph actuators: Influence on performance and lifetime

Piezoelectric bimorph bender actuators find application number of areas, ranging from automotive to health care. High voltage operation in harsh environments poses ever more stringent demands on functionality and lifetime. In these high performance benders, the trade-off between functionality and lifetime becomes of increasing importance, and a...

Lifetime of piezoceramic multilayer actuators: Interplay of material properties and actuator design

We report an investigation into factors limiting the functional lifetime of multilayer piezoceramic actuators. The study consists of a combination of lifetime experiments by means of an accelerated lifetime test, inspection of the actuator microstructure at different stages of the accelerated lifetime test, and numerical simulation of the...

Solid freeform fabrication of piezoelectric actuators by a micro-casting method

In recent years, there has been much interest in the manufacturing of piezoceramic actuators by Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) methods, following developments in polymer and metal shaping. With these methods, actuator shapes can be realized that are impossible or very difficult to obtain by traditional ceramic shaping techniques. At TNO,...

Samenwerking in gelamineerd glas

Het doel van dit onderzoek is om inzicht te krijgen in de mate van samenwerking in glasplaten als functie van temperatuur en tijd onder condities die relevant zijn voor gebruik. Hiertoe zijn doorbuigingsmetingen gedaan aan glasplaten onder verschillende oplegcondities en temperaturen. Daarnaast is een mathematisch model opgesteld voor de...

Compaction creep of quartz sand at 400-600°C: Experimental evidence for dissolution-controlled pressure solution

Intergranular pressure solution (IPS) is an important compaction and deformation mechanism in quartzose rocks, but the kinetics and rate-controlling process remain unclear. The aim of the present study is to test microphysical models for compaction creep by IPS against isostatic hot pressing experiments performed on quartz sand under conditions...

Fluid-assisted healing processes in gouge-bearing faults Insights from experiments on a rock analogue system

On the basis of both experimental and field studies, solution transfer processes are expected to be important in contributing to fault strength recovery (healing) under the hydrothermal conditions prevailing in large parts of the seismogenic zone. However, most experimental work on healing effects in faults has been done using quartzo...

Frictional-viscous flow of phyllosilicate-bearing fault rock: Microphysical model and implications for crustal strength profiles

It is widely believed that around the brittle-ductile transition, crustal faults can be significantly weaker than predicted by conventional two-mechanism brittle-ductile strength envelopes. Factors contributing to this weakness include the polyphase nature of natural rocks, foliation development, and the action of fluid-assisted processes such...