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Muehleisen, W. (author), Loeschnig, J. (author), Feichtner, M. (author), Burgers, A.R. (author), Bende, E.E. (author), Zamini S., (author), Yerasimou, Y. (author), Kosel, J. (author), Hirschl, C. (author), Georghiou, G.E. (author)Bifacial solar panels installed on flat rooftop of industrial buildings are an effective way to boost the yield. The albedo of the flat roof determines to great extent the bifacial gain. However, because it changes due to soiling and moss growth, the power output of bifacial PV installations over time is difficult to calculate. For the purpose...article 2021
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Bende, E.E. (author), Dekker, N.J.J. (author)In 2018 zijn branden met fotovoltaïsche (PV) systemen veel in het nieuws geweest. In het voorjaar van 2018 hebben branchevereniging Holland Solar en TNO hierover contact gehand en vervolgens heeft Holland Solar contact opgenomen met RVO. Daarna heeft RVO aan TNO de opdracht gegeven een inventarisatie te verrichten. Gevraagd is of er een ‘gemene...report 2019
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- Vimalakanthan, K. (author), Burgers, A.R. (author), Bende, E.E. (author) public lecture 2018
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- Bende, E.E. (author), Guillevin, N. (author), Wu, Y. (author), Lu, X. (author) public lecture 2018
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Dekker, N.J.J. (author), Jansen, M.J. (author), Eerenstein, W. (author), Guillevin, N. (author), Bende, E.E. (author), Okel, L.A.G. (author), Newman, B.K. (author), Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (author)Back contact cells architectures, especially Interdigitated Back Contact (IBC), offer the potential for the highest efficiencies, best aesthetics, and application flexibility. Foil-based back contact module interconnect for these architectures has been shown to be a high throughput, industrially viable, and reliable solution for both IBC and...conference paper 2017
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Jansen, M.J. (author), Manshanden, P. (author), Slooff, L.H. (author), Bende, E.E. (author), Okel, L.A.G. (author), Danzl, F.J.K. (author), Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (author)The efficiency of photovoltaic modules is for a large part determined by the solar cell efficiency, but the electrical losses from current transport between the cells and to the module contacts, and optical losses also play an important role. In order to investigate the losses in the module the Cell to Module (CtM) ratio is often used. It is...conference paper 2016
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Bende, E.E. (author), Loffler, J. (author), Zhai, jinye (author), Shi, J. (author), Newman, B.K. (author), Wang, J. (author), Wang, Z. (author), Chen, Y. (author), Liu, D. (author), Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (author)Metal wrap through (MWT) technology is an all back contact cell technology where the front emitter contact is extended through a laser-drilled via to the rear cell surface. The vias act as a pathway for current under both forward and reverse bias voltage conditions. Through engineering the vias, we tune the resistivity under reverse bias voltage...conference paper 2016
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Janssen, G.J.M. (author), Gutjahr, A. (author), Geerligs, L.J. (author), Romijn, I.G. (author), Bende, E.E. (author), Wu, Y. (author), Anker, J. (author), Stodolny, M.K. (author), Luchies, J.M. (author), Lenes, M. (author), Ciftpinar, E.H. (author), Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (author)This paper presents progress by ECN and Tempress in developing and integrating processing of polysilicon passivating contacts aimed at use for low-cost industrial cell production. The polysilicon (poly߿ݩ is deposited by low pressure chemical vapour deposition (LPCVD), and we present results with in-situ as well as ex-situ doping processes. We...conference paper 2016
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Janssen, G.J.M. (author), Bende, E.E. (author), Coletti, G. (author), van Aken, B.B. (author), Wu, Y. (author), Ishimura, F. (author), Hashimoto, K. (author), Watabe, Y. (author), Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (author)Metal wrap through silicon heterojunction (MWT-SHJ) cells and modules combine the positive benefits of both underlying technologies: namely high Voc, higher Jsc and higher FF maintained before and after module encapsulation. We obtained 22.0% efficiency with low temperature Ag paste metallisation of front side and more than 23% on copper plated...conference paper 2016
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Bende, E.E. (author), Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (author)De algemene doelstelling van het project Pamplona is om zonnecel en –module technologie te ontwikkelen waarmee meer energie kan worden opgewekt tegen lagere kosten. Het consortium bestond uit het Energie Onderzoekcentrum Nederland (ECN) en de bedrijven Eurotron, Levitech, Meco en Tempress. Eurotron brengt apparatuur op de markt voor het...report 2016
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Tool, C.J.J. (author), Koppes, M. (author), Gutjahr, A. (author), Geerligs, L.J. (author), Romijn, I.G. (author), Guillevin, N. (author), van Aken, B.B. (author), Bende, E.E. (author), Loffler, J. (author), Okel, L.A.G. (author), Zhai, jinye (author), Newman, B.K. (author), Wang, J. (author), Wang, Z. (author), Chen, Y. (author), Wang, Y. (author), Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (author)Metal wrap through (MWT) cells and modules offer technology that combines a front junction cell with an all back contact module interconnection offering potential for higher efficiency, improved cost to power ratio, lower electrical cell to module losses, and improved module aesthetics. For the best conversion efficiency, isolation of the vias...conference paper 2015
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Goris, M.J.A.A. (author), van Roosmalen, J.A.M. (author), Bende, E.E. (author), Jansen, M.J. (author), Bakker, J. (author), Carr, A.J. (author), Eerenstein, W. (author), Okel, L.A.G. (author), de Groot, K.M. (author), Jonkman, R. (author), van der Sanden, R. (author), de Gier, B. (author), Harthoorn, A. (author), Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (author)Application of PV in the built environment, both as BAPV and BIPV, requires improved aesthetics, decreased operating temperatures of the modules and diodes, improved output under partial shading and reduced production costs while allowing the size and shape of the PV elements to be more flexible. ECN presents TESSERA: a novel PV module lay-out...conference paper 2015
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van Aken, B.B. (author), Bende, E.E. (author)Currently Ag-paste consumption the most important cost factor for cell processing. Cell manufacturers are putting a great deal of effort into the reduction of Ag-paste usage. This leads to higher line resistances of the Ag-paste fingers and results in a trend in the photovoltaic market to apply more busbars per cell. More busbars mean more tabs...article 2015
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Bende, E.E. (author), Anker, J. (author)A firing study has been conducted for a variety of samples with different surface morphologies as well as with different bulk and emitter doping concentrations. In this study the firing settings were fixed and the temperature profile on the sample was measured with thermocouples. We have observed that the measured peak temperature on solar-cell...article 2015
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van Roosmalen, J.A.M. (author), Jansen, M.J. (author), Bakker, J. (author), Bende, E.E. (author), Eerenstein, W. (author), Carr, A.J. (author), Okel, L.A.G. (author), de Groot, K.M. (author), Jonkman, R. (author), van der Sanden, R. (author), de Gier, B. (author), Harthoorn, A. (author), Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (author)This paper describes the development and output measurements on a new shade robust module, named the Tessera module. This module uses a novel electrical configuration, comprised of shade independent blocks protected by in-laminate diodes, with a mixture of series and parallel connections. By using ECNs existing back contact technology [1], no...conference paper 2015
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Goris, M.J.A.A. (author), Bende, E.E. (author), Eerenstein, W. (author), Bennett, I.J. (author), Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (author)Back-contact modules made using a conductive back-sheet foil have a number of advantages over conventional H-pattern modules including a higher power output, compatibility with very thin cells and efficient and high yield manufacturing. In this paper, we present the results of efficiency and material optimisation for cost reduction when using...conference paper 2014
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Tool, C.J.J. (author), Späth, M. (author), Broek, K.M. (author), Kossen, E.J. (author), Koppes, M. (author), Gutjahr, A. (author), Geerligs, L.J. (author), Slooff, L.H. (author), Romijn, I.G. (author), Jingfeng, Xiong (author), Zhiyan, Hu (author), Gaofei, Li (author), Guillevin, N. (author), van Aken, B.B. (author), Bende, E.E. (author), Bennett, I.J. (author), Jianming, Wang (author), Ziqian, Wang (author), Anker, J. (author), Bo, Yu (author), Shuquan, Tian (author), Zhiliang, Wan (author), Okel, L.A.G. (author), Zhai, jiny. (author), Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (author)We report on our high efficiency n-type metal-wrap-through (MWT) cell and module technology. In this work, bifacial n-type MWT cells are produced by industrial processes in industrial full-scale and pilot-scale process equipment. The n-type cells benefit from high recombination lifetime in the wafer and bifaciality. When combined with MWT...conference paper 2014
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Goris, M.J.A.A. (author), Bende, E.E. (author), Eerenstein, W. (author), Bennett, I.J. (author), Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (author)Back-contact modules made using a conductive back-sheet foil have a number of advantages over conventional H-pattern modules including a higher power output, compatibility with very thin cells and efficient and high yield manufacturing. In this paper, we present the results of efficiency and material optimisation for cost reduction when using...conference paper 2014
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Burgers, A.R. (author), Weeber, A.W. (author), Koppes, M. (author), Geerligs, L.J. (author), Guillevin, N. (author), Mewe, A.A. (author), van Aken, B.B. (author), Bende, E.E. (author), Rosca, V. (author), Cesar, I. (author), Anker, J. (author), Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (author)The back junction back contact cell, and more specifically the interdigitated back contact (IBC) cell is among the most appropriate cell design to achieve high cell efficiency. An important aspect to improve manufacturability (e.g. reduce cost) of the cell and module is to increase the rear side back surface field (BSF) region width, as this...conference paper 2014
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Goris, M.J.A.A. (author), van Aken, B.B. (author), Bende, E.E. (author), Bennett, I.J. (author), Lamers, M.W.P.E. (author)Back-contact modules made using a conductive back-sheet foil have a number of advantages over standard H-pattern modules including a higher power output, compatibility with very thin cells and rapid, high yield manufacturing. In this paper, we present the results of efficiency and material optimisation for cost reduction: decreasing the...article 2014