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van der Spek, E. (author), Beerens, S.P. (author)Due to the proliferation of submarines and the improvements in torpedo technology (endurance, intelligence), naval surface vessels experience an ever increasing torpedo threat level. To counter this threat, torpedo defence systems have been developed. However, the torpedo defence technology (often only based on soft-kill countermeasures like...conference paper 2019
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Behringer, A. (author), Beerens, S.P. (author), van der Spek, E. (author), Sprik, R. (author)Wideband low frequency transducers are crucial enablers for building underwater communication networks. The use of low frequencies promises long range communication ranges, but most low-frequency transducers are large, lack directionality and have limited bandwidth. The aim of this study is to tackle these limitations. We take a novel approach...conference paper 2019
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Colin, M. (author), Prior, M.K. (author), Beerens, S.P. (author)Detecting sound in the ocean is greatly improved by hydrophone array processing. Until recently, operating large arrays required cumbersome data acquisition systems and processing computers. Thanks to miniaturisation of electronics and improvements in computing power, array size is now limited by practicalities of deploying large physical...conference paper 2019
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von Benda-Beckmann, A.M. (author), Wensveen, P.J. (author), Samarra, F.I.P. (author), Beerens, S.P. (author), Miller, P.J.O. (author)Sound-recording acoustic tags attached to marine animals are commonly used in behavioural studies. Measuring ambient noise is of interest to efforts to understand responses of marine mammals to anthropogenic underwater sound, or to assess their communication space. Noise of water flowing around the tag reflects the speed of the animal, but...article 2016
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Schippers, P. (author), Colin, M.E.G.D. (author), Beerens, S.P. (author)This paper is dedicated to the work of Pieter Schippers and gives an overview of his achievement in sonar performance modelling over his career. This publication is the last of a long list, many of which published at UDT [1-5]. A historical review is presented of the sonar performance modeling work at TNO in Underwater Acoustics since the mid...conference paper 2014
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van Vossen, R. (author), van der Spek, E. (author), Dekeling, R.P.A. (author), Beerens, S.P. (author), Lam, F.P.A. (author), von Benda Beckmann, A.M. (author)Continuous Active Sonar (CAS) is an emerging technology in anti-submarine warfare operations. The feasibility of the technology has been demonstrated and it has been shown that CAS has a potential to reduce false alarm rates in reverberation-limited conditions. Now that the feasibility has been shown and further use of the technology is...conference paper 2013
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von Benda-Beckmann, A.M. (author), Beerens, S.P. (author), van IJsselmuide, S.P. (author)Reliable localization of marine mammals using towed arrays is often required for mitigation, population density estimates, and bioacoustics research. The accuracy of the range estimates using towed arrays is often not well quantified. Triangulation methods using multiple hydrophones allow for fast range estimates but are sensitive to the species...article 2013
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Donisi, D. (author), Bonamente, M. (author), Capitanelli, A. (author), Radziulis, J. (author), Dąbrowski, R. (author), Hołubowicz, W. (author), Simon, G. (author), Perlepes, L. (author), Mylonas, G. (author), Chatzigiannakis, I. (author), Benders, F.P.A. (author), Beerens, S.P. (author)Recent military operations in urban environments are changing the requirements imposed on sensing technologies. The final goal remains threat mapping within the area of operation, but the environmental constraints and the intrinsic nature of urban threats are radically novel. AUDIS (Acoustic Urban Threat Detector for Improved Surveillance...article 2013
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Beerens, S.P. (author), Benders, F.P.A. (author)Several navies are operating or procuring low-frequency active sonar systems (LFAS) as the primary part of their ASW capability. Since LFAS is a relatively new sensor with a performance strongly depending on environmental conditions, the proper operational sensor settings, such as depth and pulse type, that provide optimum performance are not...conference paper 2012
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van Vossen, R. (author), Beerens, S.P. (author), van der Spek, E. (author)Existing surveillance sonar systems for anti-submarine warfare (ASW) use a pulsed sonar deployed at a low duty cycle. Continuously active sonar (CAS) is of special interest since the technique could provide better detection performance than conventional pulsed sonar, and it will provide the operator a continuous track. One can assume this will...article 2011
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van Vossen, R. (author), van der Spek, E. (author), Beerens, S.P. (author)Existing sonar systems are commonly deployed at a low duty cycle, i.e. a short transmit signal is used followed by a long listening time. As a result, the target is only illuminated during a short time resulting in only one detection opportunity per ping. When a sonar system is capable of recording meaningful data during its transmission, one...conference paper 2011
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von Benda-Beckmann, A.M. (author), Beerens, S.P. (author), Teters, T. (author), Karrels, J. (author), Don Carlos, J. (author)This paper addresses the localization of active sonar signals that are encountered in the international submarine community with the function of Acoustic Intercept Ranging. An Intercept ranging system was developed by ISL (USA) and TNO (The Netherlands), where ISL was responsible for the system design, the hardware and the integration and TNO...conference paper 2011
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Colin, M.E.G.D. (author), Beerens, S.P. (author)In the last two decades, low-frequency active sonar (LFAS) emerged as one of the most efficient tools for shallow-water antisubmarine warfare (ASW). Like any long-range active sonar system, LFAS produces a large amount of unwanted sea bottom echoes or clutter. These echoes give way to false alarms that increase the computational load of target...article 2011
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- Sabel, J.C. (author), Colin, M.E.G.D. (author), te Raa, L.A. (author), Beerens, S.P. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author) public lecture 2010
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von Benda-Beckmann, A.M. (author), Lam, F.P.A. (author), Moretti, D.J. (author), Fulkerson, K. (author), Ainslie, M.A. (author), van IJsselmuide, S.P. (author), Theriault, J. (author), Beerens, S.P. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)The detection performance of a towed hydrophone array for deep-diving species is quantified by comparing detections of echolocation clicks from foraging groups of Blainville’s beaked whales (Mesoplodon densirostris) from the TNO Delphinus array to detections from bottom-mounted hydrophones at the Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center ...article 2010
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Beerens, S.P. (author), van der Spek, E. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)Thanks to technological advance, the bandwidth of sonar transducers has increased considerably the last decades. For signal processing engineers this means that more possibilities are available to improve the sonar output. One of the problems of active sonar is the excessive false alarm rate in shallow water operations. In this field some...conference paper 2009
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Sheldon-Robert, M.K. (author), Beerens, S.P. (author), Lam, F.P.A. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)To protect marine mammals from potential negative impacts of high-power sound from tactical sonar, the use of passive acoustic monitoring prior and during sonar exercises is a possible non-intrusive solution for the monitoring requirements for naval forces. Particularly deep-diving beaked whales seem sensitive to sound from tactical mid...conference paper 2008
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- Colin, M.G.E.D. (author), Beerens, S.P. (author), Ainslie, M.A. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author) conference paper 2008
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Doisy, Y. (author), Deruaz, L. (author), van IJsselmuide, S.P. (author), Beerens, S.P. (author), Been, R. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)Abstract—The influence of transmitted waveforms on the signal-to-reverberation ratio (SRR) of a low-frequency active sonar is analyzed both theoretically and experimentally. Reverberation experiments have been conducted during a sea trial in a littoral water environment in October 1999. The aim of the trials was to compare the performance of...article 2008
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Beerens, S.P. (author), Boek, W. (author), TNO Defensie en Veiligheid (author)In recent years the focus of anti-submarine warfare (ASW) has changed to more shallow operation areas. The mostpromising sensor in littoral areas is the low frequency active sonar (LFAS). but the combination of an effective sensor in a complicated environment has resulted in the need to cope with huge numbers of false-alarms. One way to reduce...conference paper 2007