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- de Jong, C.A.F. (author), Halvorsen, M.B. (author), Hannay, D.E. (author), Ainslie, M.A. (author) bookPart 2023
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Prior, M.K. (author), Ainslie, M.A. (author), Halvoresen, M. (author), Hartstra, I.E. (author), Laws, R. (author), MacGillvray, A. (author), Müller, R.A.J. (author), Wang, L. (author), Robinson, S. (author), van Heijningen, A.W.P. (author)Measurements of sound emitted from airguns and airgun clusters are described. Measurements were made in 2007 and 2009-2010 in fjord environments in Norway and for various airgun types, chamber pressures, operating depths and airgun volumes. For each combination of these parameters, a sequence of up to 50 shots was performed, resulting in a few...report 2021
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Prior, M.K. (author), Ainslie, M.A. (author), Halvorsen, M.B. (author), Hartstra, I. (author), Laws, R.M. (author), MacGillivray, A. (author), Müller, R.A.J. (author), Robinson, S. (author), Wang, L. (author)The acoustical output of marine-seismic airguns is determined from recordings of the sound pressure made on hydrophones suspended below a floating barge from which the airguns are also deployed. The signals from multiple types of airguns are considered and each type is operated over a range of deployment depths and chamber pressures. The...article 2021
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Ainslie, M.A. (author), Halvorsen, M.B. (author), Müller, R.A.J. (author), Lippert, T. (author)Environmental risk assessment for impact pile driving requires characterization of the radiated sound field. Damped cylindrical spreading (DCS) describes propagation of the acoustic Mach cone generated by striking a pile and predicts sound exposure level (LE) versus range. For known water depth and sediment properties, DCS permits extrapolation...article 2020
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Müller, R.A.J. (author), von Benda-Beckmann, A.M. (author), Halvorsen, M.B. (author), Ainslie, M.A. (author)Regulations for underwater anthropogenic noise are typically formulated in terms of peak sound pressure, root-mean-square sound pressure, and (weighted or unweighted) sound exposure. Sound effect studies on humans and other terrestrial mammals suggest that in addition to these metrics, the impulsiveness of sound (often quantified by its kurtosis...article 2020
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Heaney, K.D. (author), Ainslie, M.A. (author), Halvorsen, M.B. (author), Seger, K.D. (author), Müller, R.A.J. (author), Nijhof, M.J.J. (author), Lippert, T. (author)As countries explore renewable energy opportunities, offshore wind farms are being developed along coastlines. To construct these wind farms, piles are driven into the seafloor as foundational structures for the turbines. Pile driving involves risk of noise pollution that can affect marine fauna. To mitigate these risks, risk assessments and...book 2020
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Prior, M.K. (author), Duncan, A.J. (author), Sertlek, H.Ö. (author), Ainslie, M.A. (author)Comparisons are made of sound pressure and particle acceleration predicted by two methods in the vicinity of two arrays of marine-seismic airguns. Data describing the array properties and the environmental conditions are taken from test cases designed to facilitate intermodel comparison.The two propagation approaches, one based on method of...article 2019
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Ainslie, M.A. (author), Laws, R.M. (author), Sertlek, H.O. (author)Computer models can be used to predict the sound field near an airgun or airgun array. The accuracy of such predictions can be assessed either by a process of verification (comparison with alternative theoretical solution to the same computational problem) or by validation (comparison with measurement). A set of verification test problems is...article 2019
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Sertlek, H.O. (author), Slabbekoorn, H. (author), ten Cate, C. (author), Ainslie, M.A. (author)Effective measures for protecting and preserving the marine environment require an understanding of the potential impact of anthropogenic sound on marine life. A crucial component is a proper assessment of the anthropogenic soundscape: which sounds are present where, when and how strong? We provide an extensive case study modelling the spatial,...article 2019
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von Benda-Beckmann, A.M. (author), Wensveen, P.J. (author), Prior, M. (author), Ainslie, M.A. (author), Hansen, R.R. (author), Isojunno, S. (author), Lam, F.P.A. (author), Kvadsheim, P.H. (author), Miller, P.J.O. (author)To understand the consequences of underwater noise exposure for cetaceans, there is a need for assessments of behavioural responses over increased spatial and temporal scales. Bottom-moored acoustic recorders and satellite tags provide such long-term and large spatial coverage of behaviour compared to short-duration acoustic-recording tags....article 2019
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- Slabbekoorn, H. (author), Dalen, J. (author), de Haan, D. (author), Winter, H.V. (author), Radford, C. (author), Ainslie, M.A. (author), Heaney, K.D. (author), van Kooten, T. (author), Thomas, L. (author), Harwood, J. (author) article 2019
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Lippert, T. (author), Ainslie, M.A. (author), von Estorff, O. (author)Sound produced by marine pile driving activities poses a possible risk to marine life. The assessment and mitigation of this risk requires a precise prediction of the expected levels. An analytical approach to estimate the radiated sound exposure levels is presented, based on the axial symmetry of the problem, resulting in damped cylindrical...article 2018
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von Benda-Beckmann, A.M. (author), Thomas, L. (author), Tyack, P.L. (author), Ainslie, M.A. (author)Passive acoustic monitoring with widely-dispersed hydrophones has been suggested as a cost-effective method to monitor population densities of echolocating marine mammals. This requires an estimate of the area around each receiver over which vocalizations are detected - the "effective detection area" (EDA). In the absence of auxiliary...article 2018
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Kastelein, R.A. (author), Helder-Hoek, L. (author), van de Voorde, S. (author), von Von Benda-Beckmann, A.M. (author), Lam, F.P.A. (author), Jansen, E. (author), de Jong, C.A.F. (author), Ainslie, M.A. (author)In seismic surveys, reflected sounds from airguns are used under water to detect gas and oil below the sea floor. The airguns produce broadband high-amplitude impulsive sounds, which may cause temporary or permanent threshold shifts (TTS or PTS) in cetaceans. The magnitude of the threshold shifts and the hearing frequencies at which they occur...article 2017
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Lippert, T. (author), Ruhnau, M. (author), Lippert, S. (author), von Estorff, O. (author), Ainslie, M.A. (author), Nijhof, M. (author)The effect of pile driving noise on the marine environment is an important factor in environmental impact assessment of planned marine structures, such as ports, bridges or offshore wind farms. Numerous models have been developed to predict the noise levels to be expected from such activities and to advise suitable mitigation measures to concur...conference paper 2017
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- Ainslie, M.A. (author), Ellis, D.D. (author) article 2017
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von Benda-Beckmann, A.M. (author), Wensveen, P.J. (author), Kvadsheim, P.H. (author), Lam, F.P.A. (author), Miller, P.J.O. (author), Tyack, P.L. (author), Ainslie, M.A. (author)Ramp-up procedures are used to mitigate the impact of sound on marine mammals. Sound exposure models combined with observations of marine mammals responding to sound can be used to assess the effectiveness of ramp-up procedures. We found that ramp-up procedures before full-level sonar operations can reduce the risk of hearing threshold shifts...bookPart 2016
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Ainslie, M.A. (author), de Jong, C.A.F. (author)Because of the history of sonar and sonar engineering, the concept of “source level” is widely used to characterize anthropogenic sound sources, but is it useful for sources other than sonar transmitters? The concept and applicability of source level are reviewed for sonar, air guns, explosions, ships, and pile drivers. International efforts...conference paper 2016
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Erbe, C. (author), Ainslie, M.A. (author), de Jong, C.A.F. (author), Racca, R. (author), Stocker, M. (author)As concern about anthropogenic noise and its impacts on marine fauna is increasing around the globe, data are being compared across populations, species, noise sources, geographic regions, and time. However, much of the raw and processed data are not comparable due to differences in measurement methodology, analysis and reporting, and a lack of...conference paper 2016
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Sertlek, H.O. (author), Aarts, G. (author), Brasseur, S. (author), Slabbekoorn, H. (author), ten Cate, C. (author), von Benda-Beckmann, A.M. (author), Ainslie, M.A. (author)The European Union requires member states to achieve or maintain good environmental status for their marine territorial waters and explicitly mentions potentially adverse effects of underwater sound. In this study, we focused on producing maps of underwater sound from various natural and anthropogenic origins in the Dutch North Sea. The source...bookPart 2016