Historic lime-binders: An example of 19th Century Dutch Military plain concrete

Before the general acceptance of Portland cement as the main binder for concrete in the late 19th century, other, locally available binders were occasionally used. In the case of the Netherlands, which did not produce Portland cement, traditional lime-based binders were not uncommon. With a strong tradition of trass production, trass-lime...

From concrete repair to concrete conservation: How to preserve the heritage values of historic concrete

The conservation of historic concrete is an increasing task, challenging both concrete repair specialists and conservation specialists. In practice, too often repair strategies are followed where conservation strategies would have been necessary. The application of repair techniques poses two threats towards the historic concrete: using...