Title
Nanotechnologies, engineered nanomaterials and occupational health and safety - A review
Author
Savolainen, K.
Pylkkänen, L.
Norppa, H.
Falck, G.
Lindberg, H.
Tuomi, T.
Vippola, M.
Alenius, H.
Hämeri, K.
Koivisto, J.
Brouwer, D.
Mark, D.
Bard, D.
Berges, M.
Jankowska, E.
Posniak, M.
Farmer, P.
Singh, R.
Krombach, F.
Bihari, P.
Kasper, G.
Seipenbusch, M.
TNO Kwaliteit van Leven
Publication year
2010
Abstract
The significance of engineered nanomaterials (ENM) and nanotechnologies grows rapidly. Nanotechnology applications may have a positive marked impact on many aspects of on human every day life, for example by providing means for the production of clean energy and pure drinking water. Hundreds of consumer nano-based products are already on the market. However, very little is known of the risks of ENM to occupational safety and health (OSH), even though workers are likely to be at extra risk, as compared with other potentially exposed groups of people, because the levels of exposure are usually higher at workplaces than in other environments. However, knowledge of the exposure to, or effects of, ENM on human health and safety in occupational environments is limited and does not allow reliable assessment of risks of ENM on workers' health. Several issues related to ENM in the workplaces require marked attention. The most topical issues include: (1) improved understanding of ENM metrics associated with ENM toxicity; (2) development of monitoring devices for ENM exposure assessment; (3) understanding the changes of ENM structure and state of agglomeration at different concentrations in aerosols; (4) understanding translocation of ENM in the human body; (5) identifying the key health effects of ENM including pulmonary toxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenic effects, and effects on circulation; (6) development of tiered approaches for testing of safety of ENM; and (7) utilizing these data for health risk assessment, with a special emphasis on occupational environment. Available data on several ENM - ability to enter the body and reach almost any organ, to cause pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis, and even to cause increased risk of mesotheliomas in animal models, call for immediate action. It is crucial to identify those ENM that may cause occupational health and safety risks from those ENM which are innocent, hence allowing prioritization of regulatory and preventive actions at workplaces at national, regional and global levels. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
Subject
Research
Biomedical Research
Engineered nanomaterials
Exposure
Health effects
Occupational hygiene
Safety
Animal model
Carcinogenic effects
Clean energy
Drinking water
Engineered nanomaterials
Exposure assessment
Genotoxicities
Global levels
Health effects
Human bodies
Human health
Monitoring device
Occupational environment
Occupational health and safety
Occupational hygiene
Occupational safety and health
Preventive action
Prioritization
Pulmonary toxicity
Reliable assessment
State of agglomeration
Aerosols
Agglomeration
Health
Health risks
Industrial hygiene
Nanostructured materials
Potable water
Risk assessment
Risk management
Safety testing
Special effects
Structural health monitoring
Toxicity
Occupational risks
To reference this document use:
http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ff276e50-1461-4131-9b5c-2f27757454f8
TNO identifier
409050
ISSN
0925-7535
Source
Safety Science, 48 (8), 957-963
Document type
article