Title
Emissions and possible environmental Implication of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in the atmosphere
Author
John, A.C.
Küpper, M.
Manders-Groot, A.M.M.
Debray, B.
Lacome, J.M.
Kuhlbusch, T.A.J.
Publication year
2017
Abstract
In spite of the still increasing number of engineered nanomaterial (ENM) applications, large knowledge gaps exist with respect to their environmental fate, especially after release into air. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of emissions and behavior of airborne engineered nanomaterials. The whole ENM lifecycle is considered from the perspective of possible releases into the atmosphere. Although in general, emissions during use phase and end-of-life seem to play a minor role compared to entry into soil and water, accidental and continuous emissions into air can occur especially during production and some use cases such as spray application. Implications of ENMs on the atmosphere as e.g.; photo-catalytic properties or the production of reactive oxygen species are reviewed as well as the influence of physical processes and chemical reactions on the ENMs. Experimental studies and different modeling approaches regarding atmospheric transformation and removal are summarized. Some information exists especially for ENMs, but many issues can only be addressed by using data from ultrafine particles as a substitute and research on the specific implications of ENMs in the atmosphere is still needed. © 2017 by the authors.
Subject
Aerosols
Atmospheric transport
Engineered nanomaterials
ENMs
Release
Transformation processes
Ultrafine particles
Environment & Sustainability
Urbanisation
2015 Urban Mobility & Environment
CAS - Climate, Air and Sustainability
ELSS - Earth, Life and Social Sciences
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http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:daa4089f-0b2f-469e-9f01-bfa36783190d
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos8050084
TNO identifier
766493
Publisher
MDPI AG
ISSN
2073-4433
Source
Atmosphere, 8 (8), 1-29
Document type
article