Title
A high-protein diet increases postprandial but not fasting plasma total homocysteine concentrations: A dietary controlled, crossover trial in healthy volunteers
Author
Verhoef, P.
van Vliet, T.
Olthof, M.R.
Katan, M.B.
TNO Kwaliteit van Leven
Publication year
2005
Abstract
Background: A high plasma concentration of total homocysteine (tHcy) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. A high protein intake and hence a high intake of methionine-the sole dietary precursor of homocysteine-may raise plasma tHcy concentrations. Objectives: We studied whether high intake of protein increases plasma concentrations of tHcy in the fasting state and throughout the day. Design: We conducted a randomized, dietary controlled, crossover trial in 20 healthy men aged 18-44 y. For 8 d, men consumed a controlled low-protein diet enriched with either a protein supplement [high-protein diet (21% of energy as protein)] or an isocaloric amount of short-chain glucose polymers [low-protein diet (9% of energy as protein)]. After a 13-d washout period, treatments were reversed. On days 1 and 8 of each treatment period, blood was sampled before breakfast (fasting) and throughout the day. Results: Fasting tHcy concentrations did not differ significantly after the 1-wk high-protein and the 1-wk low-protein diets. The high-protein diet resulted in a significantly higher area under the 24-h homocysteine-by-time curves compared with the low-protein diet, both on day 1 (difference: 45.1 h · μmol/L; 95% CI: 35.3, 54.8 h · μmol/L; P < 0.0001) and on day 8 (difference: 24.7 h · μmol/L; 95% CI: 15.0, 34.5 h · μmol/L; P < 0.0001). Conclusions: A high-protein diet increases tHcy concentrations throughout the day but does not increase fasting tHcy concentrations. As previously shown, the extent of the tHcy increase is modified by the amino acid composition of the protein diet. The clinical relevance of this finding depends on whether high concentrations of tHcy-particularly postprandially-cause cardiovascular disease. © 2005 American Society for Clinical Nutrition.
Subject
Health
Biomedical Research
Crossover study
Dietary protein
Fasting
Homocysteine
Humans
Postprandial
homocysteine
methionine
adult
amino acid blood level
article
controlled study
demography
diet supplementation
human
human experiment
male
normal human
nutrition
postprandial state
protein diet
adolescent
area under the curve
blood
cardiovascular disease
clinical trial
controlled clinical trial
crossover procedure
diet restriction
dose response
physiology
protein intake
protein restriction
randomized controlled trial
risk factor
Adolescent
Adult
Area Under Curve
Cardiovascular Diseases
Cross-Over Studies
Diet, Protein-Restricted
Dietary Proteins
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Fasting
Homocysteine
Humans
Male
Methionine
Postprandial Period
Risk Factors
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TNO identifier
239004
ISSN
0002-9165
Source
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 82 (3), 553-558
Document type
article