Title
PVT benchmark: An overview of PVT modules on the European market and the barriers and opportunities for the Dutch Market
Author
de Keizer, A.C.
Bottse, J.
de Jong, M.
Publication year
2018
Abstract
The market for Photovoltaic-Thermal (PVT) systems and the number of PVT module suppliers is growing. This report presents a market survey of PVT modules and a classification of PVT heat pump systems. Furthermore, a list of barriers and opportunities will be presented as perceived by a wide range of stakeholders in the Netherlands. In the built environment, the main energy use consists of electricity and heat. Regular PV systems convert approximately 15-20 % of the incoming radiation to electricity, while ca. 75% is converted into waste heat. In hybrid Photovoltaic-Thermal (PVT) systems, a part of this energy is transferred to a liquid or air, and harvested as (useful) heat. In this way, multi-functional PVT roofs can play an important role in the supply of local renewable energy, both in the form of electricity and heat. A promising option to reach near zero energy residential buildings is the combination of PVT collectors with a heat pump. In our market investigation we found 54 different PVT module types that are currently being sold. 11 of these originate from the Netherlands. The largest share of these, roughly three out of four, are uncovered flat plate PVT collectors. The other types of PVT collectors in the market survey are covered PVT collectors, PVT collectors with vacuum tubes and PVT-air collectors. Uncovered PVT collectors supply lower temperature heat in comparison with traditional covered solar thermal collectors. Therefore, systems with uncovered PVT collectors are often used in combination with heat pumps or for pool heating. Opportunities and barriers were identified by interviews with 28 stakeholders in combination with a literature review. The stakeholders ranged from PVT, PV, solar thermal and heat pump producers to government parties, experts, installers and project developers. The main opportunities that were identified are a higher combined thermal and electrical yield per square meter. Furthermore, a combination with heat pumps and the possibility to achieve a (near) zero energy building with these technologies was seen as an opportunity. Also the more unified appearance offers opportunities to reach a better aesthetic roof. Several barriers were identified. The largest is the complexity of the system design, the optimization of the system and installation. Furthermore, the high upfront costs and the lack of standardization were mentioned as barriers.
Subject
Energy Efficiency
Energy / Geological Survey Netherlands
Energy
PVT modules
Dutch market
European market
To reference this document use:
http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:4dfd8b6b-53a1-4813-9628-940813a88587
TNO identifier
871967
Bibliographical note
This Benchmark is part of the PVT inSHaPe project, that is carried out in the framework of the TKI Urban Energy program and is supported by the Netherlands Enterprise Agency (RVO).
Document type
report