Title
Personal exposure to UFP in different micro-environments and time of day
Author
de Kluizenaar, Y.
Kuijpers, E.
Eekhout, I.
Voogt, M.
Vermeulen, R.C.H.
Hoek, G.
Sterkenburg, R.P.
Pierik, F.H.
Duyzer, J.H.
Meijer, E.W.
Pronk, A.
Publication year
2017
Abstract
Particulate matter exposure may cause adverse health effects. Although ultrafine particulate matter (UFP) is hypothesised to be particularly health relevant, the number of studies into personal UFP exposure is limited. Aim To increase insight where and when most UFP exposure occurs, in terms of exposure levels and peaks in microenvironments, time of day and activities, to support development of abatement strategies to reduce exposure. Methods UFP exposure and GPS tracks were recorded continuously for 5 days in 12 healthy volunteers. GPS data was processed to assign context information, and linked to UFP data. Results Participants spent most time indoors (>90%), mainly at home (approx. 80%). Mean particle number concentration (particles/cm3) was highest in motorized transport (20.5 × 103), followed by other indoor environments (16.5 × 103), and lower at home (11.2 × 103) and walking outdoors (9.0 × 103). Due to the large proportion of time spent indoors, exposure indoors contributed most to total exposure (nearly 90%). Exposure during motorized transport showed a speed dependency, most likely linked to exposure on larger busier roads. Using a 95th percentile cut-off for concentration elevations lasting at least 5 min for peak-detection, 98 peaks were identified, mainly during daytime. These contributed substantially to total exposure (25%) while accounting for only 3.4% of total time. Of this peak contribution 88% occurred indoors (mainly at home) and 12% outdoors. Conclusions UFP exposure shows clear differences between microenvironments. Peaks contribute substantially to total exposure. Measures to prevent peak exposures could contribute to substantial exposure reduction. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd
Subject
Urban Mobility & Environment
SUMS - Sustainable Urban Mobility and Safety CH - Child Health RAPID - Risk Analysis for Products in Development EMS - Environmental Modelling, Sensing & Analysis
ELSS - Earth, Life and Social Sciences 2015 Life Urban Mobility & Environment
Air pollution
GPS
Micro environments
Personal exposure monitoring
Time activity patterns
Ultrafine particulate matter
Air pollution
Buildings
Civil engineering
Global positioning system
Adverse health effects
Context information
Microenvironments
Particle number concentration
Particulate Matter
Personal exposure monitoring
Time activity patterns
Ultra-fine particulate matters
Exposure controls
To reference this document use:
http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:46a7256e-39b7-40a9-96a1-40c8ae5ed7b2
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.06.022
TNO identifier
766516
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
ISSN
0360-1323
Source
Building and Environment, 122, 237-246
Document type
article