Title
Fundus reflectance: Historical and present ideas
Author
Berendschot, T.T.J.M.
Delint, P.J.
van Norren, D.
TNO Technische Menskunde
Publication year
2003
Abstract
In 1851 Helmholtz introduced the ophthalmoscope. The instrument allowed the observation of light reflected at the fundus. The development of this device was one of the major advancements in ophthalmology. Yet ophthalmoscopy allows only qualitative observation of the eye. Since 1950 attempts were made to address the challenging, quantitative assessment of the amount of light reflected by the fundus. At first, only comparative measurements were possible, applied in the study of macular and visual pigments. With improvements in light detecting techniques, and with the advent of microprocessors, the measurement of spectral and spatial distribution of the reflectance became feasible. This led to the development of models that explained the observed wavelength dependence and the directional behavior of light reflected from the fovea. The models allowed a quantitative assessment of many parameters on absorption and reflection by structures in the human eye. This paper provides a review of both the experimental and theoretical progress, and summarizes the results of fundamental and clinical research using fundus reflectometry.
Subject
Vision
aging
albinism
amblyopia
calibration
camera
Cone
cornea
Densitometry
device
Diabetes mellitus
Dominant inheritance
Dystrophy
Eye
Fundus
Genetic disorder
Glaucoma
hemoglobin
imaging system
laser coagulation
lens
light absorption
lipofuscin
Macular pigment
Melanin
myopia
nerve fiber
Ocular Physiology
Ocular reflectors
Ophthalmology
Ophthalmoscopes
oximetry
photography
Photoreceptor
pigment epithelium
Reflectometry
retina macula age related degeneration
retina macula cystoid edema
retina macula edema
retinitis pigmentosa
retinopathy
Rod
Scanning laser opthalmoscope
sclera
spectral sensitivity
Stiles-Crawford
videorecording
visual acuity
Visual pigment
X chromosome linkage
History
To reference this document use:
http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:12e7126f-aba5-4676-aa07-4f2360061c3c
TNO identifier
12701
Source
Progress in retinal and eye research, 22 (2), 171-200
Document type
article