Automatic threat evaluation for border security and surveillance

Automatic threat evaluation for border security and surveillance

van den Broek, A.C.
van der Velde, J.
van den Baar, R.M.E.M.
Nijsten, L.
van Heijster, R.

2019

We present a study of border surveillance systems for automatic threat estimation. The surveillance systems should allow border control operators to be triggered in time so that adequate responses are possible. Examples of threats are smuggling, possibly by using small vessels, cars or drones, and threats caused by unwanted persons (e.g. terrorists) crossing the border. These threats are revealed by indicators which are often not exact and evidence for these indicators incorporates significant amounts of uncertainty. This study is linked to the European Horizon 2020 project ALFA, which focuses on the detection and threat evaluation of low flying objects near the strait of Gibraltar. Several methods are discussed to fuse the indicators while taking the uncertainty into account, including Fuzzy Reasoning, Bayesian Reasoning, and Dempster-Shafer Theory. In particular the Dempster-Shafer Theory is elaborated since this approach incorporates evaluation of unknown information next to uncertainty. The method is based on belief functions representing the indicators. These functions show a gradual increase or decrease of the suspiciousness depending on input parameters such as object speed, size etc. The fusion methods give two output values for each track: a suspect probability and an uncertainty value. The complete dynamic risk assessment of detected flying objects is evaluated by the automatic system and targets with probabilities exceeding a certain threshold and appropriate uncertainty values are presented to the border control operators. © 2019 SPIE.

Automation
Border security
Treat evaluation
Uncertainty
Fuzzy inference
Monitoring
Object detection
Probabilistic logics
Risk assessment
Security systems
Terrorism
Uncertainty analysis
Border security
Border surveillance
Dempster-Shafer theory
Dynamic risk assessments
Strait of Gibraltar
Surveillance systems
Treat evaluation
Function evaluation

http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:fa500adb-0432-45f3-adb6-c600ec0e40c5

https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2532308

872046

SPIE

9781510630352

0277-786X

Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, Counterterrorism, Crime Fighting, Forensics, and Surveillance Technologies III 2019, 9 September 2019 through 11 September 2019

111660G

Sponsor: The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)

conference paper